This dataset provides global, monthly estimates of terrestrial biosphere carbon, water, and energy cycling states and fluxes for 2001-2021, generated using the CARbon DAta MOdel fraMework (CARDAMOM) at 4 x 5-degree spatial resolution. CARDAMOM uses Bayesian inference and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) optimization to calibrate parameters and initial conditions of the Data Assimilation Linked Ecosystem carbon-water-energy model (DALEC CWE) at each grid cell, integrating multiple satellite and ancillary observational constraints. These constraints include land-atmosphere CO2 flux estimates (Net Biosphere Exchange, NBE) from the OCO-2-informed CMS-Flux product; above- and below-ground live biomass (ABGB) from a multi-satellite synthesis; reflectance-based gross primary productivity (GPP); Terra and Aqua leaf area index (LAI) and snow-covered fraction (SCF); terrestrial water storage anomalies from GRACE/GRACE-FO; fire carbon emissions from MOPITT CO inversions; GOSAT-informed wetland CH4 emissions; harmonized global soil organic carbon estimates; and mean runoff from in-situ river gauge networks. The primary reanalysis outputs include monthly gridded estimates of seven carbon pools (non-structural carbohydrates, foliar, fine root, wood, litter, coarse woody debris, and soil organic matter), three soil water pools, three corresponding energy states, and a snow water equivalent pool, along with associated carbon, water, and energy fluxes. All outputs are reported as ensemble medians with interquartile ranges (25th-75th percentiles) derived from the MCMC posterior; means are also provided for mass closure checks. The data are provided in NetCDF format.