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    Topics

    Recognizing the connections between interdependent Earth systems is critical for understanding the world in which we live.

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    • Atmosphere

      Atmosphere

      The atmosphere is a gaseous envelope surrounding and protecting our planet from the intense radiation of the Sun and serves as a key interface between the terrestrial and ocean cycles.

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      Biosphere

      The biosphere encompasses all life on Earth and extends from root systems to mountaintops and all depths of the ocean. It is critical for maintaining species diversity, regulating climate, and providing numerous ecosystem functions.

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      Cryosphere

      The cryosphere encompasses the frozen parts of Earth, including glaciers and ice sheets, sea ice, and any other frozen body of water. The cryosphere plays a critical role in regulating climate and sea levels.

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      Human Dimensions

      The human dimensions discipline includes ways humans interact with the environment and how these interactions impact Earth’s systems. It also explores the vulnerability of human communities to natural disasters and hazards.

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      Land Surface

      The land surface discipline includes research into areas such as shrinking forests, warming land, and eroding soils. NASA data provide key information on land surface parameters and the ecological state of our planet.

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      Ocean

      The ocean covers almost a third of Earth’s surface and contains 97% of the planet’s water. This vast, critical reservoir supports a diversity of life and helps regulate Earth’s climate.

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    • Solid Earth

      Solid Earth

      Processes occurring deep within Earth constantly are shaping landforms. Although originating from below the surface, these processes can be analyzed from ground, air, or space-based measurements.

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    • Sun-Earth Interactions

      Sun-Earth Interactions

      The Sun influences a variety of physical and chemical processes in Earth’s atmosphere. NASA continually monitors solar radiation and its effect on the planet.

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    • Terrestrial Hydrosphere

      Terrestrial Hydrosphere

      The terrestrial hydrosphere includes water on the land surface and underground in the form of lakes, rivers, and groundwater along with total water storage.

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    Whether you are a scientist, an educator, a student, or are just interested in learning more about NASA’s Earth science data and how to use them, we have the resources to help. Get information and guides to help you find and use NASA Earth science data, services, and tools.

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    Making NASA's free and open Earth science data interactive, interoperable, and accessible for research and societal benefit both today and tomorrow.

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  4. Snow/ice

Snow/ice
Pertaining to the study of frozen water over the Earth's surface.

Sub-Topics

  • Albedo |
  • Avalanche |
  • Blowing Snow |
  • Depth Hoar |
  • Freeze/thaw |
  • Frost |
  • Ice Depth/thickness |
  • Ice Extent |
  • Ice Growth/melt |
  • Ice Motion |
  • Ice Velocity |
  • Lake Ice |
  • Liquid Water Content |
  • Permafrost |
  • River Ice |
  • Snow Cover |
  • Snow Density |
  • Snow Depth |
  • Snow Energy Balance |
  • Snow Facies |
  • Snow Melt |
  • Snow Stratigraphy |
  • Snow Water Equivalent |
  • Snow/ice Chemistry |
  • Snow/ice Temperature

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