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Description

This data set provides global gridded estimates of carbon, energy, and hydrologic fluxes between the land and atmosphere from 15 Terrestrial Biosphere Models (TBMs) in a standard format. Model estimates are at monthly and yearly time steps for the period 1900 to 2010, with a spatial resolution of 0.5 degree x 0.5 degree globally, excluding Antarctica.

Product Summary

Platforms
MODELS
Instruments
Computer
Spatial Extent

N: 90 S: -90 E: 180 W: -180

Coordinate System
CARTESIAN
Granule Spatial Representation
CARTESIAN
Temporal Extent
1900-01-01 to 2010-12-31
Data Partner
THE OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY (ORNL) DISTRIBUTED ACTIVE ARCHIVE CENTER (DAAC) (ORNL_DAAC)
Concept ID
C3526925159-ORNL_CLOUD
Data State
COMPLETE
Number of Files/Granules
1484
Processing Level
4
Published
Updated
Science Keywords
Discharge ,
Soil Depth ,
Biomass ,
Soil Moisture/Water Content ,
Albedo ,
Leaf Characteristics ,
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ,
Carbon ,
Respiration Rate ,
Atmospheric Water Vapor ,
Runoff

Citation

Citation is critically important for dataset documentation and discovery. This dataset is openly shared, without restriction, in accordance with the EOSDIS Data Use and Citation Guidance.

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HUNTZINGER, D. N., SCHWALM, C. R., WEI, Y., COOK, R. B., MICHALAK, A. M., SCHAEFER, K., JACOBSON, A. R., ARAIN, M. A., CIAIS, P., FISHER, J. B., HAYES, D. J., HUANG, M., HUANG, S., ITO, A., JAIN, A. K., LEI, H., LU, C., MAIGNAN, F., MAO, J., … TAO, B. (2018). NACP MsTMIP: Global 0.5-degree Model Outputs in Standard Format, Version 1.0. ORNL Distributed Active Archive Center. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1225 Date Accessed: 2026-04-25

Documents

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Title Year Author Topic
Data-driven modeling indicates projected increase in plant production confines warming-induced topsoil organic carbon change in China within a small range in the 21st Century Li, Huiwen, Cao, Yue, Wu, Yiping, Liu, Shuguang, Zhao, Wenzhi, Zhou, Guoyi, Xiao, Jingfeng, Alexandrov, Georgii, Qiu, Linjing Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Leaf Characteristics, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff
Nitrogen Deposition Significantly Altered the Climatic Sensitivity of Vegetation Phenology Chen, Yuzhu, Li, Peng, Luo, Yunpeng, Wang, Longjun, Peng, Ying, Li, Tong, Zhou, Xiaolu, Peng, Changhui Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Leaf Characteristics, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification, Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff
Recent Increases in Missouri River Streamflow Driven by Combined Effects of Climate Variability, Land-Use Change, and Elevated CO<SUB>2</SUB> Dannenberg, Matthew P., McCabe, Gregory J., Wise, Erika K., Johnston, Miriam R., Huntzinger, Deborah N., Williams, A. Park Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Leaf Characteristics, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification, Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff
Response of China's Terrestrial Carbon Uptake to Shift in Nitrogen Zhang, L., Li, P., Yu, G., He, H., Jia, Y., Zhu, J., Ju, W., Zhang, C., Ren, X., Wang, T., Zheng, Y., WU, H. Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Leaf Characteristics, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff
Elevation-dependent pattern of net CO2 uptake across China Wei, Da, Tao, Jing, Wang, Zhuangzhuang, Zhao, Hui, Zhao, Wei, Wang, Xiaodan Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Leaf Characteristics, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff
Evapotranspiration increment was underestimated in China due to Wu, Xinyue, Han, Wangya, Yu, Zhen Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Leaf Characteristics, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification, Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff
Permafrost Region Greenhouse Gas Budgets Suggest a Weak CO<sub>2</sub> Hugelius, G., Ramage, J., Burke, E., Chatterjee, A., Smallman, T. L., Aalto, T., Bastos, A., Biasi, C., Canadell, J. G., Chandra, N., Chevallier, F., Ciais, P., Chang, J., Feng, L., Jones, M. W., Kleinen, T., Kuhn, M., Lauerwald, R., Liu, J., LopezBlanco, E., Luijkx, I. T., Marushchak, M. E., Natali, S. M., Niwa, Y., Olefeldt, D., Palmer, P. I., Patra, P. K., Peters, W., Potter, S., Poulter, B., Rogers, B. M., Riley, W. J., Saunois, M., Schuur, E. A. G., Thompson, R. L., Treat, C., Tsuruta, A., Turetsky, M. R., Virkkala, A.M., Voigt, C., Watts, J., Zhu, Q., Zheng, B. Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Leaf Characteristics, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff, Soil Temperature, PERMAFROST MELT, Cryospheric Feedbacks, Permafrost, Carbon Flux, Carbon, Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
NDVI joint process-based models drive a learning ensemble model for accurately estimating cropland net primary productivity (NPP) Wang, Zhaosheng, Liu, Zhengjia, Huang, Mei Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Leaf Characteristics, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff
The impact of drought on terrestrial carbon in the West African Sahel: Implications for natural climate solutions Rigatti, Emma, McDermid, Sonali S., Cook, Benjamin I., De Kauwe, Martin G. Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Leaf Characteristics, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff
Biome-scale temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration revealed by atmospheric CO2 observations Sun, Wu, Luo, Xiangzhong, Fang, Yuanyuan, Shiga, Yoichi P., Zhang, Yao, Fisher, Joshua B., Keenan, Trevor F., Michalak, Anna M. Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Leaf Characteristics, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification, Carbonaceous Aerosols, Nitrogen Oxides, Particulates, Hydrogen Cyanide, Emissions, Non-methane Hydrocarbons/Volatile Organic Compounds, Particulate Matter, Fire Occurrence, Nitrogen Oxides, Sulfur Dioxide, Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds, Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff
Demonstrating environmental impacts on the sound structure of languages: Challenges and solutions Maddieson, Ian, Benedict, Karl Digital Elevation/Terrain Model (DEM), Climate Adaptation, Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Leaf Characteristics, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff, Forest Yields, Forests
Spatiotemporal variations and driving factors of global terrestrial vegetation productivity gap under the changing of climate, CO2, landcover and N deposition Cao, Dan, Zhang, Jiahua, Zhang, Tian, Yao, Fengmei, Ji, Renxin, Zi, Shuanjin, Li, Hong, Cheng, QuanYing Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Leaf Characteristics, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff
A global-drive analysis of ecosystem respiration in the Arctic and Third Pole Ma, Xiaoliang, He, Panxing, Zeng, Yiyan, Ma, Jun, Wu, Xiaodong Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Surface Temperature, Humidity, Evapotranspiration, Surface Winds, Rain, Precipitation Rate, Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature, Snow Water Equivalent, Runoff, Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Albedo, Leaf Characteristics, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor
Data-driven quantification of nitrogen enrichment impact on Northern Hemisphere plant biomass Liu, Yongwen, Piao, Shilong, Makowski, David, Ciais, Philippe, Gasser, Thomas, Song, Jian, Wan, Shiqiang, Penuelas, Josep, Janssens, Ivan A Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Leaf Characteristics, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification, Phosphorus, Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff
Estimating Driver and Pathways for Hydroelectric Reservoir Methane Emissions Using a New Mechanistic Model Delwiche, Kyle B., Harrison, John A., Maasakkers, Joannes D., Sulprizio, Melissa P., Worden, John, Jacob, Daniel J., Sunderland, Elsie M. Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Leaf Characteristics, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff
Decoupling of greenness and gross primary productivity as aridity decreases Hu, Zhongmin, Piao, Shilong, Knapp, Alan K., Wang, Xuhui, Peng, Shushi, Yuan, Wenping, Running, Steve, Mao, Jiafu, Shi, Xiaoying, Ciais, Philippe, Huntzinger, Deborah N., Yang, Jia, Yu, Guirui Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Leaf Characteristics, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff
Evaluating cumulative drought effect on global vegetation photosynthesis using numerous GPP products Wu, Changlin, Wang, Tengjun Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Leaf Characteristics, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff
How can biosphere models simulate enough vegetation biomass in the mountains of the western United States? Implications of meteorological forcing Duarte, Henrique F., Raczka, Brett M., Bowling, David R., Wang, Aihui, Buotte, Polly C., Lin, John C. Biomass, Carbon, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Leaf Characteristics, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification, Discharge, Soil Depth, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff, Biogeochemical Cycles, Wind Speed, Humidity, Surface Temperature, Shortwave Downward Irradiance
Forest expansion dominates China's land carbon sink since 1980 Yu, Zhen, Ciais, Philippe, Piao, Shilong, Houghton, Richard A., Lu, Chaoqun, Tian, Hanqin, Agathokleous, Evgenios, Kattel, Giri Raj, Sitch, Stephen, Goll, Daniel, Yue, Xu, Walker, Anthony, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Jain, Atul K., Liu, Shirong, Zhou, Guoyi Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Leaf Characteristics, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff, Forest Management, Agriculture Production, Landscape Management, Land Use Classes, Land Use Classes
Increasing sensitivity of dryland vegetation greenness to precipitation due to rising atmospheric CO2 Zhang, Yao, Gentine, Pierre, Luo, Xiangzhong, Lian, Xu, Liu, Yanlan, Zhou, Sha, Michalak, Anna M., Sun, Wu, Fisher, Joshua B., Piao, Shilong, Keenan, Trevor F. Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Leaf Characteristics, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification, Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff
Interannual variability in summer climate change controls GPP long-term changes He, Panxing, Ma, Xiaoliang, Sun, Zongjiu Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Leaf Characteristics, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff
Projected increases in global terrestrial net primary productivity loss caused by drought under climate change Cao, Dan, Zhang, Jiahua, Han, Jiaqi, Zhang, Tian, Yang, Shanshan, Wang, Jingwen, Prodhan, Foyez Ahmed, Yao, Fengmei Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Leaf Characteristics, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff
The Grain-for-Green project offsets warming-induced soil organic carbon loss and increases soil carbon stock in Chinese Loess Plateau Li, Huiwen, Wu, Yiping, Liu, Shuguang, Zhao, Wenzhi, Xiao, Jingfeng, Winowiecki, Leigh A., Vagen, Tor-Gunnar, Xu, Jianchu, Yin, Xiaowei, Wang, Fan, Sivakumar, Bellie, Cao, Yue, Sun, Pengcheng, Zhang, Guangchuang Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Leaf Characteristics, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff
Spatiotemporal evolutionary and mechanism analysis of grassland GPP in China He, Panxing, Ma, Xiaoliang, Meng, Xiaoyu, Han, Zhiming, Liu, Huixia, Sun, Zongjiu Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Leaf Characteristics, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff, Biogeochemical Cycles
Uncertainties of gross primary productivity of Chinese grasslands based on multi-source estimation He, Panxing, Ma, Xiaoliang, Han, Zhiming, Meng, Xiaoyu, Sun, Zongjiu Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Leaf Characteristics, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff
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