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Description

This data set provides environmental data that have been standardized and aggregated for use as input to carbon cycle models at global (0.5-degree resolution) and regional (North America at 0.25-degree resolution) scales.

The data were compiled from selected sources (Table 2) and integrated into gridded global and regional collections of climatology variables (precipitation, air temperature, air specific humidity, air relative humidity (NA only), pressure, downward longwave radiation, downward shortwave radiation, and wind speed), time-varying atmospheric CO2 concentrations, time-varying nitrogen deposition, biome fraction and type, land-use and land-cover change, C3/C4 grasses fractions, major crop distribution, phenology, multiple soil characteristics, and a land-water mask. The temporal ranges of the data are sufficient for carbon cycle model simulations from 1801 to 2010.

These data were compiled specifically for the North American Carbon Program (NACP) Multi-Scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP) as the prescribed model input driver data (Huntzinger et al., 2013). The driver data were used by 22 terrestrial biosphere models to run baseline and sensitivity simulations. The standardized data provided consistent model inputs to minimize the inter-model variability caused by differences in environmental drivers and initial conditions. Together with the sensitivity simulations, the standardized input data enable better interpretation and quantification of structural and parameter uncertainties of model estimates.

Data are provided in Climate and Forecast (CF) metadata convention compliant (version 1.4) netCDF-4 file formats. There are 3,152 *.nc4 data files with this data set.

Product Summary

Platforms
NOT APPLICABLE
Instruments
NOT APPLICABLE
Spatial Extent

N: 89.75 S: -78.25 E: 179.95 W: -178.75

Coordinate System
CARTESIAN
Granule Spatial Representation
CARTESIAN
Temporal Extent
1700-01-01 to 2010-12-31
Data Partner
THE OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY (ORNL) DISTRIBUTED ACTIVE ARCHIVE CENTER (DAAC) (ORNL_DAAC)
Concept ID
C2552206090-ORNL_CLOUD
Data State
COMPLETE
Number of Files/Granules
3152
Processing Level
4
Published
Updated
Science Keywords
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ,
Nitrogen Compounds ,
Longwave Radiation ,
Shortwave Radiation ,
Air Temperature ,
Precipitation Amount ,
Agricultural Lands ,
Land Use/Land Cover Classification ,
Leaf Characteristics ,
Soil Chemistry ,
Soil Classification

Citation

Citation is critically important for dataset documentation and discovery. This dataset is openly shared, without restriction, in accordance with the EOSDIS Data Use and Citation Guidance.

Copy Citation

Wei, Y., Liu, S., Huntzinger, D. N., Michalak, A. M., Viovy, N., Post, W. M., Schwalm, C. R., Schaefer, K., Jacobson, A. R., Lu, C., Tian, H., Ricciuto, D. M., Cook, R. B., Mao, J., & Shi, X. (2014). NACP MsTMIP: Global and North American Driver Data for Multi-Model Intercomparison (Version 1). ORNL Distributed Active Archive Center. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1220 Date Accessed: 2026-05-13

Documents

USER'S GUIDE

GENERAL DOCUMENTATION

Publications Citing This Dataset

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Title Year Author Topic
Nitrogen Deposition Significantly Altered the Climatic Sensitivity of Vegetation Phenology Chen, Yuzhu, Li, Peng, Luo, Yunpeng, Wang, Longjun, Peng, Ying, Li, Tong, Zhou, Xiaolu, Peng, Changhui Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Leaf Characteristics, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification, Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff
Large contribution of antecedent climate to ecosystem productivity anomalies during extreme events Qiu, Jinghao, Zhang, Yao, Cai, Mengyang, Keenan, Trevor F., Zhang, Hongying, Gentine, Pierre, Luo, Xiangzhong, Cattry, Mitra, Zhou, Sha, Piao, Shilong Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Leaf Characteristics, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification
Soil phosphorus crisis in the Tibetan alpine permafrost region Hong, Jiangtao, Pang, Bo, Zhao, Lirong, Shu, Shumiao, Feng, Puyu, Liu, Fang, Du, Ziyin, Wang, Xiaodan Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Leaf Characteristics, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification
Recent Increases in Missouri River Streamflow Driven by Combined Effects of Climate Variability, Land-Use Change, and Elevated CO<SUB>2</SUB> Dannenberg, Matthew P., McCabe, Gregory J., Wise, Erika K., Johnston, Miriam R., Huntzinger, Deborah N., Williams, A. Park Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Leaf Characteristics, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification, Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff
Evapotranspiration increment was underestimated in China due to Wu, Xinyue, Han, Wangya, Yu, Zhen Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Leaf Characteristics, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification, Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff
Multiscale assessment of North American terrestrial carbon balance Foster, Kelsey T., Sun, Wu, Shiga, Yoichi P., Mao, Jiafu, Michalak, Anna M. Leaf Area Index (LAI), Fraction Of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fapar), Leaf Characteristics, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification
Biome-scale temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration revealed by atmospheric CO2 observations Sun, Wu, Luo, Xiangzhong, Fang, Yuanyuan, Shiga, Yoichi P., Zhang, Yao, Fisher, Joshua B., Keenan, Trevor F., Michalak, Anna M. Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Leaf Characteristics, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification, Carbonaceous Aerosols, Nitrogen Oxides, Particulates, Hydrogen Cyanide, Emissions, Non-methane Hydrocarbons/Volatile Organic Compounds, Particulate Matter, Fire Occurrence, Nitrogen Oxides, Sulfur Dioxide, Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds, Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff
Increased response of vegetation to soil moisture in the northern hemisphere drylands Wang, Xi, Zhao, Fubo, Wu, Yiping Vegetation Index, Landscape Patterns, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Leaf Characteristics, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification, Carbon, Soil Ph, Cation Exchange Capacity, Soil Bulk Density, Soil Depth
Effects of afforestation on soil carbon and nitrogen accumulation depend on initial soil nitrogen status Hong, Songbai, Cong, Nan, Ding, Jinzhi, Piao, Shilong, Liu, Lingli, Penuelas, Josep, Chen, Anping, Quine, Timothy A., Zeng, Hui, Houlton, Benjamin Z. Photosynthesis, Primary Production, VEGETATION PRODUCTIVITY, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Leaf Characteristics, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification
High-resolution land use and land cover dataset for regional climate modelling: a plant functional type map for Europe 2015 Reinhart, Vanessa, Hoffmann, Peter, Rechid, Diana, Bohner, Jurgen, Bechtel, Benjamin Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Leaf Characteristics, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification
How can biosphere models simulate enough vegetation biomass in the mountains of the western United States? Implications of meteorological forcing Duarte, Henrique F., Raczka, Brett M., Bowling, David R., Wang, Aihui, Buotte, Polly C., Lin, John C. Biomass, Carbon, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Leaf Characteristics, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification, Discharge, Soil Depth, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff, Biogeochemical Cycles, Wind Speed, Humidity, Surface Temperature, Shortwave Downward Irradiance
Increasing sensitivity of dryland vegetation greenness to precipitation due to rising atmospheric CO2 Zhang, Yao, Gentine, Pierre, Luo, Xiangzhong, Lian, Xu, Liu, Yanlan, Zhou, Sha, Michalak, Anna M., Sun, Wu, Fisher, Joshua B., Piao, Shilong, Keenan, Trevor F. Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Leaf Characteristics, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification, Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff
Definitions and methods to estimate regional land carbon fluxes for the second phase of the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Project ... Ciais, Philippe, Bastos, Ana, Chevallier, Frederic, Lauerwald, Ronny, Poulter, Ben, Canadell, Josep G., Hugelius, Gustaf, Jackson, Robert B., Jain, Atul, Jones, Matthew, Kondo, Masayuki, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Patra, Prabir K., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Petrescu, Ana Maria Roxana, Piao, Shilong, Qiu, Chunjing, Von Randow, Celso, Regnier, Pierre, Saunois, Marielle, Scholes, Robert, Shvidenko, Anatoly, Tian, Hanqin, Yang, Hui, Wang, Xuhui, Zheng, Bo Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Leaf Characteristics, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification
Data-driven quantification of nitrogen enrichment impact on Northern Hemisphere plant biomass Liu, Yongwen, Piao, Shilong, Makowski, David, Ciais, Philippe, Gasser, Thomas, Song, Jian, Wan, Shiqiang, Penuelas, Josep, Janssens, Ivan A Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Leaf Characteristics, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification, Phosphorus, Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff
Contrasting responses of soil inorganic carbon to afforestation in acidic versus alkaline soils Hong, Songbai, Chen, Anping Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Leaf Characteristics, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification
Virtual laboratory for understanding impact of heterogeneity on ecohydrologic processes across scales Wang, Kunxuan, Kumar, Praveen Leaf Characteristics, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Fraction Of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fapar), Biomass, Carbon, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification, Discharge, Soil Depth, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff, Biogeochemical Cycles, Plant Characteristics, Phosphorus, Nutrients, Nitrogen, Wind Speed, Humidity, Surface Temperature, Shortwave Downward Irradiance
Accurate simulation of both sensitivity and variability for Amazonian photosynthesis: Is it too much to ask? Gallup, Sarah M., Baker, Ian T., Gallup, John L., RestrepoCoupe, Natalia, Haynes, Katherine D., Geyer, Nicholas M., Denning, A. Scott Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Leaf Characteristics, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification, Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff, Surface Winds, Net Radiation, Heat Flux
Atmospheric Carbon and TransportAmerica (ACTAmerica) data sets: Description, management, and delivery Wei, Y., Shrestha, R., Pal, S., Gerken, T., Feng, S., McNelis, J., Singh, D., Thornton, M. M., Boyer, A. G., Shook, M. A., Chen, G., Baier, B. C., Barkley, Z. R., Barrick, J. D., Bennett, J. R., Browell, E. V., Campbell, J. F., Campbell, L. J., Choi, Y., Collins, J., Dobler, J., Eckl, M., Fiehn, A., Fried, A., Digangi, J. P., BartonGrimley, R., Halliday, H., Klausner, T., Kooi, S., Kostinek, J., Lauvaux, T., Lin, B., McGill, M. J., Meadows, B., Miles, N. L., Nehrir, A. R., Nowak, J. B., Obland, M., ODell, C., Fao, R. M. P., Richardson, S. J., Richter, D., Roiger, A., Sweeney, C., Walega, J., Weibring, P., Williams, C. A., Yang, M. M., Zhou, Y., Davis, K. J. Primary Production, Ecosystems, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide, Atmospheric Ozone, Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds, Cloud Top Height, Planetary Boundary Layer Height, Aerosol Backscatter, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Leaf Characteristics, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification, Halocarbons And Halogens, Trace Gases/Trace Species, Water Vapor Mixing Ratio Profiles, Airspeed/Ground Speed, Altitude, Vertical Profiles, Attitude Characteristics, Flight Level Winds, Wind Speed, Dew Point Temperature, Wind Direction, Carbon, Weather Events, Flight Data Logs
Identifying contributions of climatic and atmospheric changes to autumn phenology over mid-high latitudes of Northern Hemisphere Guo, Mengdi, Wu, Chaoyang, Peng, Jie, Lu, Linlin, Li, Shihua Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Leaf Characteristics, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification, Nitrogen Oxides
Midwest US Croplands Determine Model Divergence in North American Carbon Sun, Wu, Fang, Yuanyuan, Luo, Xiangzhong, Shiga, Yoichi P., Zhang, Yao, Andrews, Arlyn E., Thoning, Kirk W., Fisher, Joshua B., Keenan, Trevor F., Michalak, Anna M. Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Leaf Characteristics, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification, Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff
Land-use harmonization datasets for annual global carbon budgets Chini, Louise, Hurtt, George, Sahajpal, Ritvik, Frolking, Steve, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Sitch, Stephen, Ganzenmuller, Raphael, Ma, Lei, Ott, Lesley, Pongratz, Julia, Poulter, Benjamin Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Leaf Characteristics, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification, Forest Management, Agriculture Production, Landscape Management, Land Use Classes, Land Use Classes
Topographical Controls on Hillslope-Scale Hydrology Drive Shrub Mekonnen, Zelalem A., Riley, William J., Grant, Robert F., Salmon, Verity G., Iversen, Colleen M., Biraud, Sebastien C., Breen, Amy L., Lara, Mark J. Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Leaf Characteristics, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification
A spatial-temporal continuous dataset of the transpiration to evapotranspiration ratio in China from 19812015 Niu, Zhongen, He, Honglin, Zhu, Gaofeng, Ren, Xiaoli, Zhang, Li, Zhang, Kun Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Leaf Characteristics, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification
Impacts of land use change and elevated CO2 on the interannual variations and seasonal cycles of gross primary productivity in China Jia, Binghao, Luo, Xin, Cai, Ximing, Jain, Atul, Huntzinger, Deborah N., Xie, Zhenghui, Zeng, Ning, Mao, Jiafu, Shi, Xiaoying, Ito, Akihiko, Wei, Yaxing, Tian, Hanqin, Poulter, Benjamin, Hayes, Dan, Schaefer, Kevin Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Leaf Characteristics, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification, Discharge, Soil Depth, Biomass, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Albedo, Photosynthetically Active Radiation, Carbon, Respiration Rate, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Runoff
Global pattern and change of cropland soil organic carbon during 1901-2010: Roles of climate, atmospheric chemistry, land use and management Ren, Wei, Banger, Kamaljit, Tao, Bo, Yang, Jia, Huang, Yawen, Tian, Hanqin Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Compounds, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Precipitation Amount, Agricultural Lands, Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Leaf Characteristics, Soil Chemistry, Soil Classification, Soil Bulk Density, Nitrogen, Carbon, Soil Horizons/Profile, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Soil Water Holding Capacity
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