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Description

The 2009 Human Footprint, 2018 Release provides a global map of the cumulative human pressure on the environment in 2009, at a spatial resolution of ~1 km. The human pressure is measured using eight variables including built-up environments, population density, electric power infrastructure, crop lands, pasture lands, roads, railways, and navigable waterways. The data set is produced by Venter et.al., and is available in the Mollweide projection.

Product Summary

Platforms
MODELS
Instruments
Computer
Spatial Extent

N: 90 S: -65.25 E: 180 W: -180

Location
GLOBAL
Coordinate System
CARTESIAN
Granule Spatial Representation
CARTESIAN
Temporal Extent
2009-01-01 to 2009-12-31
Data Partner
Earth Science Data Information System (ESDIS)
Concept ID
C3540929803-ESDIS
Data State
COMPLETE
Number of Files/Granules
1
Processing Level
4
Published
Updated
Science Keywords
Land Use/Land Cover ,
Anthropogenic/Human Influenced Ecosystems

Citation

Citation is critically important for dataset documentation and discovery. This dataset is openly shared, without restriction, in accordance with the EOSDIS Data Use and Citation Guidance.

Copy Citation

Venter, O., Sanderson, E. W., Magrach, A., Allan, J. R., Beher, J., Jones, K. R., Levy, M. A., & Watson, J. E. (2018). Last of the Wild Project, Version 3 (LWP-3): 2009 Human Footprint, 2018 Release (Version 2018.00) [Data set]. Palisades, NY: NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). https://doi.org/10.7927/H46T0JQ4 Date Accessed: 2026-06-03

Documents

GENERAL DOCUMENTATION

Publications Citing This Dataset

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Title Year Author Topic
Landscape functional connectivity for butterflies under different scenarios of land-use, land-cover, and climate change in Australia Diengdoh, Vishesh L., Ondei, Stefania, Amin, Rahil J., Hunt, Mark, Brook, Barry W. Land Use/Land Cover, Anthropogenic/Human Influenced Ecosystems
The effect of climate change on avian offspring production: A global meta-analysis Halupka, Lucyna, Arlt, Debora, Tolvanen, Jere, Millon, Alexandre, Bize, Pierre, Adamik, Peter, Albert, Pascal, Arendt, Wayne J., Artemyev, Alexander V., Baglione, Vittorio, Banbura, Jerzy, Banbura, Mirosawa, Barba, Emilio, Barrett, Robert T., Becker, Peter H., Belskii, Eugen, Bolton, Mark, Bowers, E. Keith, Bried, Joel, Brouwer, Lyanne, Bukacinska, Monika, Bukacinski, Dariusz, Bulluck, Lesley, Carstens, Kate F., Catry, Ines, Charter, Motti, Chernomorets, Anna, Covas, Rita, Czuchra, Monika, Dearborn, Donald C., de Lope, Florentino, Di Giacomo, Adrian S., Dombrovski, Valery C., Drummond, Hugh, Dunn, Michael J., Eeva, Tapio, Emmerson, Louise M., Espmark, Yngve, Fargallo, Juan A., Gashkov, Sergey I., Golubova, Elena Yu., Griesser, Michael, Harris, Michael P., Hoover, Jeffrey P., Jagieo, Zuzanna, Karell, Patrik, Kloskowski, Janusz, Koenig, Walter D., Kolunen, Heikki, Korczak-Abshire, Magorzata, Korpimaki, Erkki, Krams, Indrikis, Krist, Milos, Kruger, Sonja C., Kuranov, Boris D., Lambin, Xavier, Lombardo, Michael P., Lyakhov, Andrey, Marzal, Alfonso, Mller, Anders P., Neves, Veronica C., Nielsen, Jan Tttrup, Numerov, Alexander, Orowska, Beata, Oro, Daniel, Ost, Markus, Phillips, Richard A., Pietiainen, Hannu, Polo, Vicente, Porkert, Jiri, Potti, Jaime, Poysa, Hannu, Printemps, Thierry, Prop, Jouke, Quillfeldt, Petra, Ramos, Jaime A., Ravussin, Pierre-Alain, Rosenfield, Robert N., Roulin, Alexandre, Rubenstein, Dustin R., Samusenko, Irina E., Saunders, Denis A., Schaub, Michael, Senar, Juan C., Sergio, Fabrizio, Solonen, Tapio, Solovyeva, Diana V., Stepniewski, Janusz, Thompson, Paul M., Tobolka, Marcin, Torok, Janos, van de Pol, Martijn, Vernooij, Louis, Visser, Marcel E., Westneat, David F., Wheelwright, Nathaniel T., Wiacek, Jarosaw, Wiebe, Karen L., Wood, Andrew G., Wuczynski, Andrzej, Wysocki, Dariusz, Zarybnicka, Marketa, Margalida, Antoni, Halupka, Konrad Land Use/Land Cover, Anthropogenic/Human Influenced Ecosystems
Temperature and Precipitation More Than Tree Cover Affect the Distribution Patterns of Epiphytic Mosses within the Orthotrichaceae Family in China and Adjacent Areas Fialova, Lucie, Plasek, Vitezslav, Klichowska, Ewelina, Guo, Shuiliang, Nobis, Marcin Land Use/Land Cover, Anthropogenic/Human Influenced Ecosystems
Risk of plant invasions and management planning in the Tibetan Plateau, China Wei, Bo, Zhang, Yili, Liu, Linshan, Gu, Changjun, Wang, Zhaofeng, Yu, Haibin, Cui, Bohao, Gong, Dianqing Land Use/Land Cover, Anthropogenic/Human Influenced Ecosystems
Untangling key abiotic predictors of terrestrial mammal diversity patterns across ecoregions and species groups in Kenya Onditi, Kenneth Otieno, Song, Wenyu, Li, Xueyou, Musila, Simon, Chen, Zhongzheng, Li, Quan, Mathenge, James, Kioko, Esther, Jiang, Xuelong Land Use/Land Cover, Anthropogenic/Human Influenced Ecosystems, Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Terrain Elevation, RADAR IMAGERY, Topographical Relief Maps, Evapotranspiration, Photosynthesis, Primary Production, Latent Heat Flux
Prioritizing Management of Invasive Alien Species of EU ConcernA Northern Perspective Jauni, Miia, Huusela, Erja, Urho, Lauri, Hyvonen, Terho Land Use/Land Cover, Anthropogenic/Human Influenced Ecosystems
Demographic declines over time and variable responses of breeding bird populations to human footprint in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Alberta, Canada Saracco, James F, Pyle, Peter, Kaschube, Danielle R, Kohler, Monica, Godwin, Christine M, Foster, Kenneth R Land Use/Land Cover, Anthropogenic/Human Influenced Ecosystems, Canopy Characteristics, Evergreen Vegetation, Crown, Deciduous Vegetation, Leaf Characteristics, Vegetation Cover, Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Climate change affects Galliformes taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity indexes, shifting conservation priority areas in China Wang, Bin, Ye, Weijia, Xu, Yu, Zhong, Xue, Zhang, Jindong, Yang, Nan, Yang, Biao, Zhou, Caiquan Land Use/Land Cover, Anthropogenic/Human Influenced Ecosystems
Epidemiological analyses of African swine fever in the European Union EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), Banos, Joaquin Vicente, Boklund, Anette, Gogin, Andrey, Gortazar, Christian, Guberti, Vittorio, Helyes, Georgina, Kantere, Maria, Korytarova, Daniela, Linden, Annick, Masiulis, Marius, Miteva, Aleksandra, Neghirla, Ioana, Olsevskis, Edvins, Ostojic, Sasa, Petr, Satran, Staubach, Christoph, Thulke, HansHermann, Viltrop, Arvo, Wozniakowski, Grzegorz, Broglia, Alessandro, Abrahantes Cortinas, Jose, Dhollander, Sofie, Mur, Lina, Papanikolaou, Alexandra, Van der Stede, Yves, Zancanaro, Gabriele, Stahl, Karl Land Use/Land Cover, Anthropogenic/Human Influenced Ecosystems
Multiscale spatially explicit modelling of livestock depredation by reintroduced tiger (Panthera tigris) to predict conflict risk probability Malviya, Manjari, Krishnamurthy, Ramesh Population, Land Use/Land Cover, Anthropogenic/Human Influenced Ecosystems
Invasion dynamics and potential future spread of sea spurge across Australias coastal dunes Giulio, Silvia, Cao Pinna, Luigi, Carboni, Marta, Marzialetti, Flavio, Acosta, Alicia Teresa Rosario, Garbolino, Emmanuel, Jucker, Tommaso Land Use/Land Cover, Anthropogenic/Human Influenced Ecosystems
Migratory Movements and Home Ranges of Geographically Distinct Wintering Ogawa, Ryo, Davis, J. Brian, King, D. Tommy, Burger, L. Wes, Strickland, Bronson K., Sovada, Marsha A., Wang, Guiming, Cunningham, Fred L. Land Use/Land Cover, Anthropogenic/Human Influenced Ecosystems
Optimizing ecological surveys for conservation Hanson, Jeffrey O., McCune, Jenny L., Chades, Iadine, Proctor, Caitlyn A., Hudgins, Emma J., Bennett, Joseph R. Land Use/Land Cover, Anthropogenic/Human Influenced Ecosystems
Assessing the impact of climate change on threatened endemic vascular plants of Argentina Salariato, Diego L., Zanotti, Christian, Zuloaga, Fernando O. Land Use/Land Cover, Anthropogenic/Human Influenced Ecosystems
Landscape genetics outperforms habitat suitability in predicting Sartor, Caroline Charao, Wan, Ho Yi, Pereira, Javier A., Eizirik, Eduardo, Trigo, Tatiane Campos, de Freitas, Thales Renato O., Cushman, Samuel Alan Land Use/Land Cover, Anthropogenic/Human Influenced Ecosystems
The relationship between ecosystem services and human modification displays decoupling across global delta systems Reader, Martin Oliver, Eppinga, Maarten B., de Boer, Hugo Jan, Damm, Alexander, Petchey, Owen L., Santos, Maria J. Land Use/Land Cover, Anthropogenic/Human Influenced Ecosystems, Population Size
Privately protected areas increase global protected area coverage and connectivity Palfrey, Rachel, Oldekop, Johan A., Holmes, George Land Use/Land Cover, Anthropogenic/Human Influenced Ecosystems
Public and private protected areas can work together to facilitate the long-term persistence of mammals Ivanova, Ielyzaveta M, Cook, Carly N Land Use/Land Cover, Anthropogenic/Human Influenced Ecosystems
Continental assessment of South American marsupial conservation priorities: A methodological approach using a spatially explicit conservation indicator Martin, Gabriel M., Gonzalez, Baltazar, Monjeau, Adrian Land Use/Land Cover, Anthropogenic/Human Influenced Ecosystems
Correlates of extinction risk in Australian squamate reptiles Senior, Anna F., Bohm, Monika, Johnstone, Christopher P., McGee, Matthew D., Meiri, Shai, Chapple, David G., Tingley, Reid Land Use/Land Cover, Anthropogenic/Human Influenced Ecosystems
Fluxes of Carbon Dioxide From Managed Ecosystems Estimated by National Inventories Compared to Atmospheric Inverse Modeling Chevallier, Frederic Land Use/Land Cover, Anthropogenic/Human Influenced Ecosystems
Driven to the edge: Species distribution modeling of a Clawed Salamander (Hynobiidae: Onychodactylus koreanus) predicts range shifts and drastic decrease of suitable habitats in response to climate change Shin, Yucheol, Min, MiSook, Borzee, Amael Land Use/Land Cover, Anthropogenic/Human Influenced Ecosystems
Effect of climate change on the potential distribution of Helodermaalvarezi (Squamata, Helodermatidae) Gomez-Cruz, Aaron, Santos-Hernandez, Nancy G., Cruz, Jose Alberto, Ariano-Sanchez, Daniel, Ruiz-Castillejos, Christian, Espinoza-Medinilla, Eduardo E., De Fuentes-Vicente, Jose A. Land Use/Land Cover, Anthropogenic/Human Influenced Ecosystems
Epidemiological analysis of African swine fever in the European Union European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Desmecht, Daniel, Gerbier, Guillaume, Gortazar Schmidt, Christian, Grigaliuniene, Vilija, Helyes, Georgina, Kantere, Maria, Korytarova, Daniela, Linden, Annick, Miteva, Aleksandra, Neghirla, Ioana, Olsevskis, Edvins, Ostojic, Sasa, Petit, Tom, Staubach, Christoph, Thulke, HansHermann, Viltrop, Arvo, Richard, Wallo, Wozniakowski, Grzegorz, Cortinas, Jose Abrahantes, Broglia, Alessandro, Dhollander, Sofie, Lima, Eliana, Papanikolaou, Alexandra, Van der Stede, Yves, Stahl, Karl Land Use/Land Cover, Anthropogenic/Human Influenced Ecosystems
Gaps and biases in the protection of transnational lakes: a global assessment Tsavdaridou, Anastasia I., Mazaris, Antonios D. Land Use/Land Cover, Anthropogenic/Human Influenced Ecosystems
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