N: 90 S: -90 E: 180 W: -180
Description
Point cloud of water mask pixels (“pixel cloud”) with geolocated heights, backscatter, geophysical fields, and flags. Point cloud over tile (approx 64x64 km2); half swath (left or right side of full swath). Available in netCDF-4 file format.<br>
Please note that this collection contains SWOT Version C science data products.
Product Summary
Citation
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USER'S GUIDE
ALGORITHM THEORETICAL BASIS DOCUMENT (ATBD)
DATA CITATION GUIDELINES
Publications Citing This Dataset
| Title | Year Sort ascending | Author | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| SWOT based intertidal topography mapping: A standalone method validated | Yeasmin, Nushrat, Testut, Laurent, Ballu, Valerie | Rivers/Streams, Surface Water Processes/Measurements, Lakes/Reservoirs, Sea Surface Height, Significant Wave Height | |
| 3-D Flood mapping from SWOT observations during extreme rainfall: a case study of Gangnan Reservoir | Yao, Jiaqi, Wang, Mengran, Xu, Nan, Liu, Tong, Mo, Fan, Li, Xue, Cao, Yongqiang, Chen, Kebing, Sun, Jinyan, Lu, Hui | Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Terrain Elevation, Digital Elevation/Terrain Model (DEM), Topographical Relief Maps, Rivers/Streams, Surface Water Processes/Measurements, Lakes/Reservoirs | |
| Braided Rivers From SWOT: Water Surface Dynamics Over the Multi-Channel | Franze, Sarah E., Kohn, Simon, Chewning, Connor, Nielsen, Karina | Rivers/Streams, Surface Water Processes/Measurements, Lakes/Reservoirs, STAGE HEIGHT, Total Surface Water, Discharge/Flow | |
| Observations of the seiche that shook the world | Monahan, Thomas, Tang, Tianning, Roberts, Stephen, Adcock, Thomas A. A. | Rivers/Streams, Surface Water Processes/Measurements, Lakes/Reservoirs | |
| Measuring river slope using spaceborne GNSS reflectometry: Methodology and first performance assessment | Wang, Yang, Morton, Y. Jade, Minear, J. Toby, Putnam, Alexa, Conrad, Alex, Axelrad, Penina, Nerem, R. Steven, Warnock, April, Ruf, Christopher, Moreira, Daniel Medeiros, Talpe, Matthieu | Rivers/Streams, Surface Water Processes/Measurements, Lakes/Reservoirs, Radar Cross-Section, Radar Reflectivity, SENSOR COUNTS | |
| Monitoring Water From Space: An Illustration in Death Valley, California | Buzzanga, B., Hamlington, B. D., Bekaert, D. P. S., Pavelsky, T., Handwerger, A., Bonnema, M., Lee, C. | Land Use/Land Cover, MECHANICAL DISTURBANCE, DISTURBANCE, Rivers/Streams, Surface Water Processes/Measurements, Lakes/Reservoirs, Precipitation, Precipitation Amount, Precipitation Rate, Snow, Rain | |
| SWOT mission enables high-precision and wide-coverage lake water levels | Wu, Suhui, Cai, Yu, Ke, Chang-Qing, Xiao, Yao, Li, Haili, He, Zhiyue, Duan, Zheng | Rivers/Streams, Surface Water Processes/Measurements, Lakes/Reservoirs | |
| SWOT Water Surface Elevation in Herbaceous Wetlands of Florida's | Kica, Solomon, Pavelsky, Tamlin M., Fayne, Jessica V., Williams, Brent A. | Rivers/Streams, Surface Water Processes/Measurements, Lakes/Reservoirs | |
| The May 2024 Flood Disaster in Southern Brazil: Causes, Impacts, and | SimoesSousa, Iury T., Camargo, Carolina M. L., Tavora, Juliana, PifferBraga, Agata, Farrar, J. Thomas, Pavelsky, Tamlin M. | Geopotential Height, Altitude, Surface Temperature, Skin Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Dew Point Temperature, Air Temperature, Cloud Top Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, Surface Winds, U/V Wind Components, Upper Level Winds, U/V Wind Components, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Cloud Top Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Specific Humidity, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds, Total Ozone, Rivers/Streams, Surface Water Processes/Measurements, Lakes/Reservoirs, Precipitation, Precipitation Amount, Precipitation Rate, Snow, Rain | |
| SWOT Captures Hydrologic Waves Traveling Down Rivers | Thurman, Hana R., Allen, George H., Williams, Brent A., Cerbelaud, Arnaud, David, Cedric H. | Rivers/Streams, Surface Water Processes/Measurements, Lakes/Reservoirs, STAGE HEIGHT, Total Surface Water, Discharge/Flow |
Variables
The table below lists the variables contained within a single granule for this dataset. Variables often contain observed or derived geophysical measurements collected from a variety of sources, including remote sensing instruments on satellite and airborne platforms, field campaigns, in situ measurements, and model outputs. The terms variable, parameter, scientific data set, layer, and band have been used across NASA’s Earth science disciplines; however, variable is the designated nomenclature in NASA’s Common Metadata Repository (CMR). Variable metadata attributes such as Name, Description, Units, Data Type, Fill Value, Valid Range, and Scale Factor allow users to efficiently process and analyze the data. The full range of attributes may not be applicable to all variables. Additional information on variable attributes is typically available in the data, user guide, and/or other product documentation.
For questions on a specific variable, please use the Earthdata Forum.
| Name Sort descending | Description | Units | Data Type | Fill Value | Valid Range | Scale Factor | Offset |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| /noise/noise_minus_y | Noise power for the minus_y channel expressed in linear units (arbitrary units that give noise-equivalent sigma0 when normalized by the X factor). | 1 | float | 9.96921E+36 | 0 to 1.0E+20 | 1 | N/A |
| /noise/noise_plus_y | Noise power for the plus_y channel expressed in linear units (arbitrary units that give noise-equivalent sigma0 when normalized by the X factor). | 1 | float | 9.96921E+36 | 0 to 1.0E+20 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/ambiguity_cost1 | Phase ambiguity minimum cost. | 1 | float | 9.96921E+36 | -999999 to 999999 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/ambiguity_cost2 | Phase ambiguity 2nd minimum cost. | 1 | float | 9.96921E+36 | -999999 to 999999 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/ancillary_surface_classification_flag | 7-state surface type classification computed from a mask built with MODIS and GlobCover data. | N/A | ubyte | 255 | 0 to 6 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/azimuth_index | Rare interferogram azimuth index (indexed from 0). | 1 | int | 2147483647 | 0 to 999999 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/bright_land_flag | Flag indicating areas that are not typically water but are expected to be bright (e.g., urban areas, ice). Flag value 2 indicates cases where prior data indicate land, but where prior_water_prob indicates possible water. | N/A | ubyte | 255 | 0 to 2 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/classification | Flags indicating water detection results. | N/A | ubyte | 255 | 1 to 7 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/classification_qual | Quality flag for the classification quantities in the pixel cloud data | N/A | uint | 4294967295 | 0 to 3893159967 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/coherent_power | Power computed by combining the plus_y and minus_y channels coherently by co-aligning the phases (arbitrary units that give sigma0 when noise subtracted and normalized by the X factor). | 1 | float | 9.96921E+36 | 0 to 1.0E+20 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/cross_track | Approximate cross-track location of the pixel. | m | float | 9.96921E+36 | -75000 to 75000 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/darea_dheight | Sensitivity of the pixel area to the reference height. | m^2/m | float | 9.96921E+36 | -999999 to 999999 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/dheight_dbaseline | Sensitivity of the height estimate to the interferometric baseline. | m/m | float | 9.96921E+36 | -999999 to 999999 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/dheight_dphase | Sensitivity of the height estimate to the interferogram phase. | m/radian | float | 9.96921E+36 | -999999 to 999999 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/dheight_drange | Sensitivity of the height estimate to the range (delay). | m/m | float | 9.96921E+36 | -999999 to 999999 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/dheight_droll | Sensitivity of the height estimate to the spacecraft roll. | m/degrees | float | 9.96921E+36 | -999999 to 999999 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/dlatitude_dphase | Sensitivity of the latitude estimate to the interferogram phase. | degrees/radian | float | 9.96921E+36 | -999999 to 999999 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/dlongitude_dphase | Sensitivity of the longitude estimate to the interferogram phase. | degrees/radian | float | 9.96921E+36 | -999999 to 999999 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/eff_num_medium_looks | Effective number of independent looks taken in forming the medium interferogram (after adaptive averaging). | 1 | float | 9.96921E+36 | 0 to 999999 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/eff_num_rare_looks | Effective number of independent looks taken to form the rare interferogram. | 1 | float | 9.96921E+36 | 0 to 999999 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/false_detection_rate | Probability of falsely detecting water when there is none. | 1 | float | 9.96921E+36 | 0 to 1 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/geoid | Geoid height above the reference ellipsoid with a correction to refer the value to the mean tide system, i.e. includes the permanent tide (zero frequency). This value is reported for reference but is not applied to the reported height. | m | float | 9.96921E+36 | -150 to 150 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/geolocation_qual | Quality flag for the geolocation quantities in the pixel cloud data | N/A | uint | 4294967295 | 0 to 4193841279 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/height | Height of the pixel above the reference ellipsoid. | m | float | 9.96921E+36 | -1500 to 15000 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/height_cor_xover | Height correction from KaRIn crossover calibration. The correction is applied before geolocation but reported as an equivalent height correction. | m | float | 9.96921E+36 | -10 to 10 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/illumination_time | Time of measurement in seconds in the UTC time scale since 1 Jan 2000 00:00:00 UTC. [tai_utc_difference] is the difference between TAI and UTC reference time (seconds) for the first measurement of the data set. If a leap second occurs within the data set, the attribute leap_second is set to the UTC time at which the leap second occurs. | seconds since 2000-01-01 00:00:00.000 | double | 9.9692099683869E+36 | N/A | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/illumination_time_tai | Time of measurement in seconds in the TAI time scale since 1 Jan 2000 00:00:00 TAI. This time scale contains no leap seconds. The difference (in seconds) with time in UTC is given by the attribute [illumination_time:tai_utc_difference]. | seconds since 2000-01-01 00:00:00.000 | double | 9.9692099683869E+36 | N/A | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/inc | Incidence angle. | degrees | float | 9.96921E+36 | 0 to 999999 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/instrument_baseline_cor | Term that incorporates all calibration corrections applied to baseline before geolocation. | m | float | 9.96921E+36 | -999999 to 999999 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/instrument_phase_cor | Term that incorporates all calibration corrections applied to phase before geolocation. | radians | float | 9.96921E+36 | -999999 to 999999 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/instrument_range_cor | Term that incorporates all calibration corrections applied to range before geolocation. | m | float | 9.96921E+36 | -999999 to 999999 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/interferogram | Complex unflattened rare interferogram. | 1 | float | 9.96921E+36 | -1.0E+20 to 1.0E+20 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/interferogram_qual | Quality flag for the interferogram quantities in the pixel cloud data | N/A | uint | 4294967295 | 0 to 4161599488 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/iono_cor_gim_ka | Equivalent vertical correction due to ionosphere delay. The reported pixel height, latitude and longitude are computed after adding negative media corrections to uncorrected range along slant-range paths, accounting for the differential delay between the two KaRIn antennas. The equivalent vertical correction is computed by applying obliquity factors to the slant-path correction. Adding the reported correction to the reported pixel height results in the uncorrected pixel height. | m | float | 9.96921E+36 | -0.5 0 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/latitude | Geodetic latitude [-80,80] (degrees north of equator) of the pixel. | degrees_north | double | 9.9692099683869E+36 | -80 to 80 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/layover_impact | Estimate of the height error caused by layover, which may not be reliable on a pixel by pixel basis, but may be useful to augment aggregated height uncertainties. | m | float | 9.96921E+36 | -999999 to 999999 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/load_tide_fes | Geocentric load tide height. The effect of the ocean tide loading of the Earth's crust. This value is reported for reference but is not applied to the reported height. | m | float | 9.96921E+36 | -0.2 to 0.2 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/load_tide_got | Geocentric load tide height. The effect of the ocean tide loading of the Earth's crust. This value is reported for reference but is not applied to the reported height. | m | float | 9.96921E+36 | -0.2 to 0.2 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/longitude | Longitude [-180,180) (east of the Greenwich meridian) of the pixel. | degrees_east | double | 9.9692099683869E+36 | -180 to 180 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/missed_detection_rate | Probability of falsely detecting no water when there is water. | 1 | float | 9.96921E+36 | 0 to 1 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/model_dry_tropo_cor | Equivalent vertical correction due to dry troposphere delay. The reported pixel height, latitude and longitude are computed after adding negative media corrections to uncorrected range along slant-range paths, accounting for the differential delay between the two KaRIn antennas. The equivalent vertical correction is computed by applying obliquity factors to the slant-path correction. Adding the reported correction to the reported pixel height results in the uncorrected pixel height. | m | float | 9.96921E+36 | -3 to -1.5 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/model_wet_tropo_cor | Equivalent vertical correction due to wet troposphere delay. The reported pixel height, latitude and longitude are computed after adding negative media corrections to uncorrected range along slant-range paths, accounting for the differential delay between the two KaRIn antennas. The equivalent vertical correction is computed by applying obliquity factors to the slant-path correction. Adding the reported correction to the reported pixel height results in the uncorrected pixel height. | m | float | 9.96921E+36 | -1 0 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/phase_noise_std | Estimate of the phase noise standard deviation. | radians | float | 9.96921E+36 | -999999 to 999999 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/phase_unwrapping_region | Phase unwrapping region index. | 1 | int | 2147483647 | -1 to 99999999 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/pixc_line_qual | Quality flag for pixel cloud data per rare-posted interferogram line (similar to slc_qual in the L1B_HR_SLC product) | N/A | uint | 4294967295 | 0 to 3758153729 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/pixc_line_to_tvp | Pixel cloud rare radar grid line index to tvp index mapping | 1 | float | 9.96921E+36 | 0 to 999999 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/pixel_area | Pixel area. | m^2 | float | 9.96921E+36 | 0 to 999999 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/pole_tide | Geocentric pole tide height. The total of the contribution from the solid-Earth (body) pole tide height and the load pole tide height (i.e., the effect of the ocean pole tide loading of the Earth's crust). This value is reported for reference but is not applied to the reported height. | m | float | 9.96921E+36 | -0.2 to 0.2 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/power_minus_y | Power for the minus_y channel (arbitrary units that give sigma0 when noise subtracted and normalized by the X factor). | 1 | float | 9.96921E+36 | 0 to 1.0E+20 | 1 | N/A |
| /pixel_cloud/power_plus_y | Power for the plus_y channel (arbitrary units that give sigma0 when noise subtracted and normalized by the X factor). | 1 | float | 9.96921E+36 | 0 to 1.0E+20 | 1 | N/A |