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Description

This data set provides land use and land cover (LULC) classification products at 100-m resolution for India at decadal intervals for 1985, 1995 and 2005. The data were derived from Landsat 4 and 5 Thematic Mapper (TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), and Multispectral (MSS) data, India Remote Sensing satellites (IRS) Resourcesat Linear Imaging Self-Scanning Sensor-1 or III (LISS-I, LISS-III) data, ground truth surveys, and visual interpretation. The data were classified according to the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) classification scheme.

Product Summary

Platforms
LANDSAT-5 ,
IRS-1B ,
LANDSAT-4
Instruments
ETM+ ,
TM ,
LISS-I ,
LISS-III ,
MSS
Spatial Extent

N: 36.3219 S: 6.71167 E: 98.932 W: 66.305

Location
INDIA
Coordinate System
CARTESIAN
Granule Spatial Representation
CARTESIAN
Temporal Extent
1985-01-01 to 2005-12-31
Data Partner
THE OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY (ORNL) DISTRIBUTED ACTIVE ARCHIVE CENTER (DAAC) (ORNL_DAAC)
Concept ID
C2773245356-ORNL_CLOUD
Data State
COMPLETE
Number of Files/Granules
3
Processing Level
3
Published
Updated
Science Keywords
Land Use/Land Cover Classification

Citation

Citation is critically important for dataset documentation and discovery. This dataset is openly shared, without restriction, in accordance with the EOSDIS Data Use and Citation Guidance.

Copy Citation

Roy, P. S., Meiyappan, P., Joshi, P. K., Kale, M. P., Srivastav, V. K., Srivasatava, S. K., Behera, M. D., Roy, A., Sharma, Y., Ramachandran, R. M., Bhavani, P., Jain, A. K., & Krishnamurthy, Y. V. N. (2016). Decadal Land Use and Land Cover Classifications across India, 1985, 1995, 2005 (Version 1). ORNL Distributed Active Archive Center. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1336 Date Accessed: 2026-05-02

Documents

Publications Citing This Dataset

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Title Year Author Topic
Rainwater composition of a sub-tropical urban Indian town under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors Vishwakarma, Rajesh Kumar, Joshi, Himanshu, Goonetilleke, Ashantha Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Climate change-driven hydroclimatic shifts and energy prospects: Insights from a snow-fed river basin in Western Himalaya Kant, Chander, Meena, Ray Singh, Singh, Sudhir Kumar, Thakur, Praveen Kumar, Sharma, Ashutosh Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Assessment of district scale ecosystem health in India using multi decadal carbon and water use efficiencies Chakraborty, Abhishek, Sekhar, M., Rao, Lakshminarayana Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Surviving the Patchwork: Habitat Preferences of a Threatened Amphibian in a Fragmented Tropical Landscape Rajiv, N. V., Sankararaman, Vishnupriya, Ramachandran, Vivek Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Terrain Elevation, Digital Elevation/Terrain Model (DEM), Topographical Relief Maps
Shrinking groundwater in India's population epicentre Mizan, Syed Adil, Paswan, Abhilash K., Tiwari, V. M. Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Indian leopards (Panthera pardus fusca) facing space struggles in a Metropolitan district of Northeast India Deka, Jyotish Ranjan, Lal, Uttam, Sarma, Pranjit Kumar Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Linking groundwater variability to ecosystem carbon and water use Chakraborty, Abhishek, Sekhar, M., Bhanja, Soumendra N., Rao, Lakshminarayana Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Photosynthesis, Primary Production, VEGETATION PRODUCTIVITY, Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Surface Temperature, Humidity, Evapotranspiration, Surface Winds, Rain, Precipitation Rate, Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature, Snow Water Equivalent, Runoff
Local and broad-scale anthropogenic controls on sediment transport in the Western Ghats rivers, India Das, Sumit, Yunus, Ali P., Scaringi, Gianvito, Narayana, A.C. Land Use/Land Cover Classification
An Artificial IntelligenceBased Framework for Modeling Vegetation Photosynthesis Anomalies in India Corresponding to Tropical Oceanic Variability Varghese, Roma, Behera, Swadhin, Behera, Mukunda Dev Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Specific Humidity, Evapotranspiration, Wind Speed, Rain, Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature, Snow Cover, Snow Depth, Snow Water Equivalent, Runoff, Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Revisiting the Curve Number Approach for Improving Surface Runoff Estimation: A State-of-the-Art Review Panigrahi, Anubhab, Ramadas, Meenu Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Soil Bulk Density, Sediment Transport, Primary Production, Biogeochemical Cycles, Soil Chemistry, Soil Depth
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Land Use/Land Cover Changes and Urban Growth Dynamics in Salem District, India (19852024): Integrating Elevation and Infrastructure Networks. P, Maheshkumar P, Balaji Kannan, Balaji Kannan, R, Sakthivel, R, Sakthivel, A, Geethakarthi Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Investigating the utility of satellite-based precipitation products for simulating extreme discharge events: an exhaustive model-driven approach for a tropical river basin ... Dayal, Deen, Pandey, Ashish, Gupta, Praveen Kumar, Kalura, Praveen Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Modeling Kharif Crop Yield Using NDVI and Artificial Neural Network in Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India Gangboir, Swarna, Vidyarthi, Vikas Kumar, Chouksey, Sandeep Kumar Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Flood Hazard Assessment Using Hydrodynamic Modeling Under Severity-Frequency Based Changing Flood Regime Jena, Prachi Pratyasha, Chatterjee, Chandranath, Kumar, Rakesh, Khatun, Amina Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Does Mining Escalate Human-Wildlife Conflict?: Insights from Human-Rhesus Macaque Conflict in a Coal-Mining Region in Southern India Anand, Shaurabh, Radhakrishna, Sindhu Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Evaluating hydrological responses of satellite precipitation products Kalura, Praveen, Pandey, Ashish, Chowdary, V. M., Dayal, Deen Reflectance, Albedo, Anisotropy, Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Geospatial Analysis Of Land Use Land Cover Dynamics: A Study Of Jhargram District, India From 1993 To 2023 Pandit, Sabyasachi, Agrawal, Sonam, Gupta, Rajan Dev Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Identification of vulnerable areas using geospatial technologies in the lower Manair River basin of Telangana, Southern India Guddeti, Sravya Sai, Kurakalva, Rama Mohan, Karuppannan, Shankar Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Forests, Vegetation Cover, Alpine/Tundra, Reflectance, Dominant Species
Hydrological and hydrodynamic modelling for flood management: A case study of the Yamuna River Basin in Delhi Anand, Jatin, Gosain, A.K., Khosa, R. Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Forest aboveground biomass estimation by GEDI and multi-source EO data fusion over Indian forest Mohite, Jayantrao, Sawant, Suryakant, Pandit, Ankur, Sakkan, Mariappan, Pappula, Srinivasu, Parmar, Abhijeet Land Use/Land Cover Classification
GIS-based assessment of soil erosion and sediment yield using the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) model in the Murredu Watershed, Telangana, India Shekar, Padala Raja, Mathew, Aneesh Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Groundwater fluoride prediction modeling using physicochemical parameters in Punjab, India: a machine-learning approach Kerketta, Anjali, Kapoor, Harmanpreet Singh, Sahoo, Prafulla Kumar Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Land use land cover classification using Sentinel imagery based on deep learning models Sawant, Suraj, Ghosh, Jayanta Kumar Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Micrometeorological effects and thermal-environmental benefits of cool pavements: Findings from a detailed observational field study in Pacoima, California Taha, Haider Land Use/Land Cover Classification
An agent-based model of elephant crop raid dynamics in the Purathekandy, Anjali, Oommen, Meera Anna, Wikelski, Martin, Subramani, Deepak N. Land Use/Land Cover Classification
A study on the urban growth and dynamics over 16 major cities of India Mukherjee, Asmita, Panda, Jagabandhu Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Coastal vulnerability considering combined effect of tropical cyclones and future sea level rise A, Naren, Maity, Rajib Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Assessment of soil erosion and sediment yield in the Peddavagu watershed, India, using a revised universal soil loss equation model (RUSLE) and GIS techniques Shekar, Padala Raja, Mathew, Aneesh Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Assessment of impact of climate change on streamflow and soil moisture in Pare watershed of Arunachal Pradesh, India Singh, Waikhom Rahul, Bandyopadhyay, Arnab, Bhadra, Aditi Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Delineating Potential Groundwater Recharge Zones in the SemiArid Eastern Plains of Rajasthan, India Garg, Vipin, Kumar, Manish, Dashora, Milap, Kumar, Rajesh, Singh, Amit, Kumar, Alok Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Reservoir Induced Spatio-Temporal Changes in Land-Use/Land-Cover Pattern of Bagalkot Due to Submergence Using Remote Sensing and GIS Manju Kumar, P., Soraganvi, Veena S., Basavaraj, D. B., Lingadevaru, D. C. Land Use/Land Cover Classification
The Development of Coupled 1D2D Hydrodynamic Flood Model by Using HEC-RAS: a Case Study of the Panchganga River Basin, Kolhapur District, Maharashtra ... Kulkarni, Ambadas D., Kale, Ganesh D. Land Use/Land Cover Classification
The distribution and drivers of tree cover in savannas and forests across India Gopalakrishna, Trisha, Rifai, Sami W., Ratnam, Jayashree, Oliveras Menor, Imma, Stevens, Nicola, Malhi, Yadvinder Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Spatial and temporal classification and prediction of LULC in Brahmani and Baitarni basin using integrated cellular automata models Indraja, Gorantla, Aashi, Agarwal, Vema, Vamsi Krishna Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Using bi-temporal ALS and NFI-based time-series data to account for large-scale aboveground carbon dynamics: the showcase of mediterranean forests Guerra-Hernandez, Juan, Pascual, Adrian, Tupinamba-Simoes, Frederico, Godinho, Sergio, Botequim, Brigite, Jurado-Varela, Alfonso, Sandoval-Altelarrea, Vicente Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Terrestrial Ecosystems, Biomass, LIDAR WAVEFORM
Variability of Hydro-Meteorological Fluxes in North West Himalayan Basins for Hydrological and Sustainability Studies Rachit, Masiwal, Abhay, Singla, Sanyam, Singhal, Gaurish, Thakur, Praveen K., Garg, Vaibhav, Romshoo, Shakil Land Use/Land Cover Classification
A comparison of the performance of SWAT and artificial intelligence models for monthly rainfallrunoff analysis in the Peddavagu River Basin, India Shekar, Padala Raja, Mathew, Aneesh, Pandey, Arunabh, Bhosale, Avadhoot Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Impact of LULC changes on hydrological flow regimes and runoff coefficient in Upper Jhelum Basin, India Ul Islam, Shahid, Chakma, Sumedha Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Impact of urbanization on Ganga river basin: an overview in the context of natural surface water resources Modi, Ankit, Bhagat, Chandrashekhar, Mohapatra, Pranab Kumar Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Factors Affecting the Habitat Suitability of Eastern Swamp Deer (Rucervus duvaucelii ranjitsinhi Groves, 1982) in Manas National Park and Implication for Terai ... Nath, Anukul, Islam, Nazrul, Dar, Shahid Ahmad, Sinha, Alolika, Lahkar, Bibhuti Prasad, Ghosh, Sonali Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Improving the representation of groundwater processes in a large-scale water resources model Baron, Helen Elizabeth, Keller, Virginie D. J., Horan, R., MacAllister, Donald John, Simpson, Mike, Jackson, Christopher R., Houghton-Carr, Helen A., Rickards, Nathan, Garg, Kaushal K., Sekhar, Muddu, MacDonald, Alan, Rees, Gwyn RADAR IMAGERY, Terrain Elevation, Topographical Relief Maps, Digital Elevation/Terrain Model (DEM), Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Preparing coastal erosion vulnerability index applying deep learning techniques in Odisha state of India Mohanty, Badal, Sarkar, Raju, Saha, Sunil Land Use/Land Cover Classification
AHP GIS-aided flood hazard mapping and surface runoff estimation in Gurugram, India Arya, Saumya, Kumar, Arun Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Afforestation potential mapping of tree outside forest in India for achieving SDG goals and landscape stewardship Ahmad, Firoz, Talukdar, Nazimur Rahman, Goparaju, Laxmi, Singh, Raj Kumar, Choudhury, Parthankar, Dhyani, Shiv Kumar, Biradar, Chandrashekhar M., Rizvi, Javed Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Projected Discharge of Dudhnai River: A Tributary of the Brahmaputra River Singh, Waikhom Rahul, Barman, Swapnali, Gogoi, Saurabh, Taggu, Annu, Kalita, Biman Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Turbidity dynamics in Indian peninsular river mouths derived from Kd490 reveals key anthropogenic drivers Nukapothula, Sravanthi, Yunus, Ali P., Kaushal, Sahil, Chen, Chuqun, Narayana, A.C. Land Use/Land Cover Classification
A modified NRCS-CN method for eliminating abrupt runoff changes induced by the categorical antecedent moisture conditions Sharma, Ishan, Mishra, S.K., Pandey, Ashish, Kumre, S.K. Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Monitoring Land Use/Land Cover Change and High-altitude Vegetation Trends along with Their Climatic Controls across the Central and Eastern Himalayas Parida, Bikash Ranjan, Sparsha, Shaily, Bar, Somnath, Pandey, Arvind Chandra, Kumar, Navneet Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Multi-Model Assessment of Streamflow Simulations under Climate and Anthropogenic Changes Exemplified in Two Indian River Basins Somisetty, Anusha, Pachore, Akshay, Remesan, Renji, Kumar, Rohini Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Flood Hazard Mapping in Assam Using Sentinel-1 SAR Data Mudi, Sujoy, A, Jaya Prakash, Das, Pulakesh Land Use/Land Cover Classification
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