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Description
The MCD12Q1 Version 6 data product was decommissioned on July 31, 2023. Users are encouraged to use the MCD12Q1 Version 6.1 data product.
The Terra and Aqua combined Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Cover Type (MCD12Q1) Version 6 data product provides global land cover types at yearly intervals (2001-2020), derived from six different classification schemes listed in the User Guide. The MCD12Q1 Version 6 data product is derived using supervised classifications of MODIS Terra and Aqua reflectance data. The supervised classifications then undergo additional post-processing that incorporate prior knowledge and ancillary information to further refine specific classes.
Layers for Land Cover Type 1-5, Land Cover Property 1-3, Land Cover Property Assessment 1-3, Land Cover Quality Control (QC), and a Land Water Mask are provided in each MCD12Q1 Version 6 Hierarchical Data Format 4 (HDF4) file.
Known Issues
The "units" field is missing in the metadata, however, this information can be found in the table above or on page 5 of the User Guide.
Known issues are described on pages 3 and 4 of the User Guide.
The following changes and improvements were implemented for inputs to MODIS Version 6 land cover data products: (1) Version 5 used five classification schemes whereas Version 6 uses six classification schemes, including an entirely new classification scheme based on the Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) from the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), (2) New gap-filled spectro-temporal features developed by applying smoothing splines to the Nadir Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF)-Adjusted Reflectance (NBAR) time series. This change results in significant changes between land cover classifications in Version 5 and Version 6 data, (3) Algorithm used in Version 6 includes a post-processing Hidden Markov Model (HMM) that reduces spurious year-to-year variation in class labels, (4) Algorithm refinements were implemented in upstream MODIS data used as inputs, such as the cloud mask, surface reflectance, and NBAR data products, (5) The value of "Water" in the IGBP classification scheme has changed from "0" to "17", (6) The data product should not be used to determine post-classification land cover change between years due to the uncertainty in the land cover labels for any one year. More information can be found on page 2 of the User Guide, and (7) File size is smaller due to HDF internal compression.
Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC)
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MODIS Adaptive Processing System, Terrestrial Information Systems Laboratory, Earth Sciences Division, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA (NASA/GSFC/SED/ESD/TISL/MODAPS)
Citation is critically important for dataset documentation and discovery. This dataset is openly shared, without restriction, in accordance with the EOSDIS Data Use and Citation Guidance.
Copy Citation
Citation Copied
Friedl, M., & Sulla-Menashe, D. (2019). MCD12Q1 MODIS/Terra+Aqua Land Cover Type Yearly L3 Global 500m SIN Grid V006 [Dataset]. NASA Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center. https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MCD12Q1.006 Date Accessed: 2026-07-24
Friedl, M., & Sulla-Menashe, D. (2019). MCD12Q1 MODIS/Terra+Aqua Land Cover Type Yearly L3 Global 500m SIN Grid V006 [Dataset]. NASA Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center. https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MCD12Q1.006 Date Accessed: 2026-07-24
Friedl, Mark, and Damien Sulla-Menashe. “MCD12Q1 MODIS/Terra+Aqua Land Cover Type Yearly L3 Global 500m SIN Grid V006.” NASA Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center, 2019, https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MCD12Q1.006. Date Accessed: 2026-07-24
File Naming Convention
MCD12Q1.A2003001.h16v00.006.2018144112435.hdf
The file name begins with the Product Short Name (MCD12Q1) followed by the Julian Date of Acquisition formatted as AYYYYDDD (A2003001), the Tile Identifier which is horizontal tile and vertical tile provided as hXXvYY (h16v00), the Version of the data collection (006), the Julian Date and Time of Production designated as YYYYDDDHHMMSS (2018144112435), and the Data Format (hdf).
Verbiest, William W. M., Bauters, Marijn, Lewis, Simon L., Meunier, Felicien, Smallman, Luke T., Ciais, Philippe, Bastin, Jean-Francois, Regnier, Pierre, Fayolle, Adeline, Gorel, Anais, Makana, Jean-Remy, Ewango, Corneille E. N., van der Woude, Auke, Feng, Liang, Jiang, Fei, Palmer, Paul I., Luijkx, Ingrid T., Ilondea, Bhely Angoboy, Ngomanda, Alfred, Toirambe, Benjamin, Feng, Yu, Hubau, Wannes
Hettinga, E. Kathryn, Rezanezhad, Fereidoun, Persaud, Bhaleka D., Slowinski, Stephanie, Strack, Maria, Liu, Haojie, Lennartz, Bernd, Humphreys, Elyn, Wu, Jianghua, Skeeter, June, Knox, Sara H., Alcock, Haley, Sonnentag, Oliver, Detto, Matteo, Van Cappellen, Philippe
Land Use/Land Cover Classification, Fire Occurrence, Land Surface Temperature, THERMAL ANOMALIES, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Surface Soil Moisture, Gross Primary Production (gpp), Heterotrophic Respiration (rh), NET ECOSYSTEM CO2 EXCHANGE (NEE), Soil Organic Carbon (SOC)
Smith, Callum, Baker, Jessica C A, Doggart, Nike H, Argles, Arthur P K, Robertson, Eddy, Chadwick, Robin, Adami, Marcos, Coelho, Caio A S, Spracklen, Dominick V
The table below lists the variables contained within a single granule for this
dataset. Variables often contain observed or derived geophysical measurements
collected from a variety of sources, including remote sensing instruments on
satellite and airborne platforms, field campaigns, in situ measurements, and
model outputs. The terms variable, parameter, scientific data set, layer, and band
have been used across NASA’s Earth science disciplines; however, variable is the
designated nomenclature in NASA’s Common Metadata Repository (CMR).
Variable metadata attributes such as Name, Description, Units, Data Type, Fill
Value, Valid Range, and Scale Factor allow users to efficiently process and analyze
the data. The full range of attributes may not be applicable to all variables.
Additional information on variable attributes is typically available in the data,
user guide, and/or other product documentation.
For questions on a specific variable, please use the Earthdata Forum.