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Sulfur Dioxide Data Access and Tools

Commonly Used Sulfur Dioxide Data at a Glance

The following sections will help guide you to topic-specific data and resources for accessing, visualizing, preparing/manipulating (e.g. subsetting), and analyzing data. Each observation, model, and reanalysis data has unique characteristics that should be considered when evaluating its use.

An asterisk (*) next to an entry indicates that near real-time (NRT) data products are available through NASA's Land, Atmosphere Near real-time Capability for EOS (LANCE). While not intended for scientific research, NRT data are good resources for monitoring ongoing or time-critical events. To learn more about the difference between NRT and Standard Science Products, see Near Real Time versus Standard Products.

Spatial ResolutionSpatial CoverageTemporal ResolutionTemporal CoverageSpectral ResolutionSatellite/ PlatformName (Sensor, Model, etc.)Observation, Model, or ReanalysisFile Format
50 km x 50 kmGlobal6 minutes2002-20232,378 infrared channels in the 3.74-15.4 micron spectral rangeAqua*AIRSObservationHDF-EOS
13 km x 24 km, 0.25°, 1°Global98 minutes, Daily2004-present1.0-0.45 nm Full Width and Half Maximum (FWHM)AuraOzone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)ObservationHDF-EOS5
7.5 km x 3 kmGlobal101 minutes, Daily2018250-420 nmNASA/NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP)Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS)ObservationnetCDF-4
7 x 3.5 km for all spectral bands, with the exception of the UV1 band (7 x 28 km2) and SWIR bands (7 x 7 km2)GlobalDaily2017-present270 nm-2.3 µm, 0.55 nmESA Sentinel-5PTROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI)ObservationnetCDF
165 km x 3 kmNear-global (-82º to +82º latitude)15 minutes,
Twice daily [day, night]		2021-present190 and 240 GHzAura*MLSObservationHDF-EOS5
0.5° x 0.625°GlobalHourly,
3 hourly,
Monthly		1980-presentN/AN/AMERRA-2ReanalysisnetCDF
0.25º x 0.25°Global15 min, HourlyDaily 5-day forecastN/AN/AGEOS-CFModelnetCDF
0.25º x 0.312°Global3-hourlyNear-real time assimilation (DAS), 10-day forecast at 00z, and 5-day forecast at 12zN/AN/AGEOS FPAnalysisnetCDF
Point measurementsGlobalPeriodic flights occurred during each deployment2016-2018variesAirborne Field CampaignAtmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom) campaign with varying instrumentsObservationnetCDF

Sulfur Dioxide Datasets

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Dataset Version Platform Instrument Temporal Extent Spatial Extent Spatial Resolution Data Format
MERRA-2 tavgM_2d_aer_Nx: 2d,Monthly mean,Time-averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Aerosol Diagnostics 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2TMNXAER) at GES DISC 5.12.4 MERRA-2 NOT APPLICABLE 1980-01-01 to Present

N: 90 S: -90 E: 180 W: -180

0.625 Decimal Degrees x 0.5 Decimal Degrees
MERRA-2 tavgU_2d_adg_Nx: 2d,diurnal,Time-averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Aerosol Diagnostics (extended) 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2TUNXADG) at GES DISC 5.12.4 MERRA-2 NOT APPLICABLE 1980-01-01 to Present

N: 90 S: -90 E: 180 W: -180

0.625 Decimal Degrees x 0.5 Decimal Degrees
MERRA-2 tavgU_2d_aer_Nx: 2d,diurnal,Time-averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Aerosol Diagnostics 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2TUNXAER) at GES DISC 5.12.4 MERRA-2 NOT APPLICABLE 1980-01-01 to Present

N: 90 S: -90 E: 180 W: -180

0.625 Decimal Degrees x 0.5 Decimal Degrees
MLS/Aura Level 2 Diagnostics, Geophysical Parameter Grid V005 (ML2DGG) at GES DISC 005 Aura MLS 2004-08-02 to Present

N: 82 S: -82 E: 180 W: -180

MLS/Aura Level 2 Diagnostics, Geophysical Parameter Grid V006 (ML2DGG) at GES DISC 006 Aura MLS 2004-08-02 to Present

N: 82 S: -82 E: 180 W: -180

MLS/Aura Level 2 Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Mixing Ratio V005 (ML2SO2) at GES DISC 005 Aura MLS 2004-08-02 to Present

N: 82 S: -82 E: 180 W: -180

MLS/Aura Level 2 Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Mixing Ratio V006 (ML2SO2) at GES DISC 006 Aura MLS 2004-08-02 to Present

N: 82 S: -82 E: 180 W: -180

MLS/Aura Level 3 Daily Binned Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Mixing Ratio on Assorted Grids V004 (ML3DBSO2) at GES DISC 004 Aura MLS 2004-08-02 to Present

N: 82 S: -82 E: 180 W: -180

5 Decimal Degrees x 4 Decimal Degrees
MLS/Aura Level 3 Daily Binned Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Mixing Ratio on Assorted Grids V005 (ML3DBSO2) at GES DISC 005 Aura MLS 2004-08-02 to Present

N: 82 S: -82 E: 180 W: -180

5 Decimal Degrees x 4 Decimal Degrees
MLS/Aura Level 3 Daily Binned Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Mixing Ratio on Zonal and Similar Grids V004 (ML3DZSO2) at GES DISC 004 Aura MLS 2004-08-02 to Present

N: 82 S: -82 E: 180 W: -180

MLS/Aura Level 3 Daily Binned Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Mixing Ratio on Zonal and Similar Grids V005 (ML3DZSO2) at GES DISC 005 Aura MLS 2004-08-02 to Present

N: 82 S: -82 E: 180 W: -180

MLS/Aura Level 3 Monthly Binned Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Mixing Ratio on Assorted Grids V004 (ML3MBSO2) at GES DISC 004 Aura MLS 2004-08-02 to 2023-12-31

N: 82 S: -82 E: 180 W: -180

5 Decimal Degrees x 4 Decimal Degrees
MLS/Aura Level 3 Monthly Binned Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Mixing Ratio on Assorted Grids V005 (ML3MBSO2) at GES DISC 005 Aura MLS 2004-08-02 to Present

N: 82 S: -82 E: 180 W: -180

5 Decimal Degrees x 4 Decimal Degrees
MLS/Aura Near-Real-Time L2 Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Mixing Ratio V005 (ML2SO2_NRT) at GES DISC 005 Aura MLS 2021-09-21 to Present

N: 82 S: -82 E: 180 W: -180

3 Kilometers x 165 Kilometers
MOOSE Aerodyne Mobile Laboratory Measurements 1 GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS GC-EI-TOF, Aerodyne Mini-TILDAS, Aerodyne CAPS, LICOR GAS EXCHANGE SYSTEM, 2B Technologies 2021-05-20 to 2021-07-01 ICARTT
MSAQSO2L4 version 1 is superseded by newer version, DOI: 10.5067/MEASURES/SO2/DATA406 1 Aura, Suomi-NPP, Nimbus-7, EP-TOMS OMI, OMPS, TOMS 2005-01-01 to 2018-12-31

N: 90 S: -90 E: 180 W: -180

Multi-Satellite Air Quality Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Database Long-Term L4 Global V2 (MSAQSO2L4) at GES DISC 2 Aura, Suomi-NPP, Sentinel-5P, NOAA-20 OMI, OMPS, TROPOMI 2005-01-01 to 2024-12-31

N: 90 S: -90 E: 180 W: -180

Multi-Satellite Volcanic Sulfur Dioxide L4 Long-Term Global Database V4 (MSVOLSO2L4) at GES DISC 4 Meteor-3, Aura, Suomi-NPP, Nimbus-7, EP-TOMS, Aqua, ADEOS-II, Sentinel-5P, NOAA-20 TOMS, OMI, OMPS, AIRS, TROPOMI 1978-10-31 to 2026-05-13

N: 90 S: -90 E: 180 W: -180

NARSTO EPA Supersite (SS) Houston, Texas Air Quality Study 2000 (TexAQS2000) Department of Energy (DOE) G-1 Air Chemistry, Aerosol, and Met Data 1 AIRCRAFT BAROMETERS, NDIR GAS ANALYZER, TEMPERATURE PROBES, UV OZONE DETECTORS, HPLC, PYRANOMETERS, HYGROMETERS, CHEMILUMINESCENCE, ION CHROMATOGRAPHS, GUST PROBES, FLUOROMETERS, PHOTOMETERS 2000-08-19 to 2000-09-12 ASCII
NARSTO EPA Supersite (SS) Houston, Texas Air Quality Study 2000 (TexAQS2000) Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission (TNRCC) continuous ambient monitoring stations (CAMS) Air Quality Data 1 GROUND STATIONS, METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS NDIR GAS ANALYZER, UV OZONE DETECTORS, TEOM, PYRANOMETERS, CHEMILUMINESCENCE, FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY, ANEMOMETERS, THERMISTORS 2000-08-02 to 2000-09-30 ASCII
NARSTO ICARTT NEAX 2004 DOE G-1 Air Chemistry, Aerosol, and Met Data 1 AIRCRAFT BAROMETERS, UV OZONE DETECTORS, PYRANOMETERS, HYGROMETERS, CHEMILUMINESCENCE, ION CHROMATOGRAPHS, ANEMOMETERS, THERMISTORS 2004-07-24 to 2004-08-11 ASCII
NARSTO PAC2001 Langley Site Gaseous, Particle, and Meteorological Data 1 GROUND STATIONS, METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS AETHALOMETER, TEMPERATURE PROBES, UV OZONE DETECTORS, GC-MS, TEOM, CHEMILUMINESCENCE, FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY, ION CHROMATOGRAPHS, HUMIDITY SENSORS, IR CO2 ANALYZER, PRESSURE SENSORS 2001-08-08 to 2001-09-02 ASCII
NARSTO PAC2001 Sumas Eagle Ridge Gaseous, Particle, and Meteorological Data 1 GROUND STATIONS, METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS AETHALOMETER, UV OZONE DETECTORS, GC-MS, TEOM, CHEMILUMINESCENCE, FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY, TEMPERATURE SENSORS, ION CHROMATOGRAPHS, HUMIDITY SENSORS, IR CO2 ANALYZER, PRESSURE SENSORS 2001-08-13 to 2001-09-05 ASCII
NARSTO Pacific 2001 Air Quality Study (PAC2001) Golden Ears Gaseous and Particulate Matter (PM) Data 1 GROUND STATIONS AETHALOMETER, TEMPERATURE PROBES, UV OZONE DETECTORS, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHS, XRF, CHEMILUMINESCENCE, ION CHROMATOGRAPHS, HUMIDITY SENSORS, DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY ANALYZERS, WIND MONITOR, PRESSURE SENSORS 2001-08-03 to 2001-08-11 ASCII
NARSTO Pacific 2001 Air Quality Study (PAC2001) Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD) and and Canadian Air and Precipitation Monitoring Network (CAPMoN) Supplemental Air Quality Data 1 GROUND STATIONS TEMPERATURE PROBES, UV OZONE DETECTORS, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHS, TEOM, CHEMILUMINESCENCE, ION CHROMATOGRAPHS, HUMIDITY SENSORS, WIND MONITOR 2001-01-01 to 2002-01-01 ASCII
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Featured Sulfur Dioxide Observation Method: OMPS

The Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) aboard the joint NASA/NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) satellite tracks the health of Earth's ozone layer and measures the concentration of atmospheric ozone. The NOAA-20 and NOAA-21 satellites are also equipped with the instrument. Total column sulfur dioxide data from OMPS are available on a near real-time basis.

Learn More About OMPS
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OMPS Near Real-Time Data

Near real-time Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) data products include total column ozone, total column sulfur dioxide (SO2), vertical ozone profile swath, and aerosol index.

Sulfur Dioxide Data Tools

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