N: 90 S: -90 E: 180 W: -180
Description
M2IMNPASM (or instM_3d_asm_Np) is an instantaneous 3-dimensional monthly mean data collection in Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2). This collection consists of assimilations of meteorological parameters at 42 pressure levels, such as temperature, wind components, vertical pressure velocity, water vapor, ozone mass mixing ratio, and layer height. The information on the pressure levels can be found in the section 4.2 of the MERRA-2 File Specification document. The collection also includes certain quadratic information (such as the variance and covariance of certain parameters).
MERRA-2 is the latest version of global atmospheric reanalysis for the satellite era produced by NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) using the Goddard Earth Observing System Model (GEOS) version 5.12.4. The dataset covers the period of 1980-present with the latency of ~3 weeks after the end of a month.
Data Reprocessing: Please check “Records of MERRA-2 Data Reprocessing and Service Changes” linked from the “Documentation” tab on this page. Note that a reprocessed data filename is different from the original file.
MERRA-2 Mailing List: Sign up to receive information on reprocessing of data, changing of tools and services, as well as data announcements from GMAO. Contact the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov) to be added to the list.
Questions: If you have a question, please read "MERRA-2 File Specification Document", “MERRA-2 Data Access – Quick Start Guide”, and FAQs linked from the ”Documentation” tab on this page. If that does not answer your question, you may post your question to the NASA Earthdata Forum (forum.earthdata.nasa.gov) or email the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov).
Product Summary
Citation
Citation is critically important for dataset documentation and discovery. This dataset is openly shared, without restriction, in accordance with the EOSDIS Data Use and Citation Guidance.
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GENERAL DOCUMENTATION
IMPORTANT NOTICE
Publications Citing This Dataset
| Title | Year Sort ascending | Author | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| An observation-based method to assess tropical stratocumulus and shallow cumulus clouds and feedbacks in CMIP6 and CMIP5 models | Cesana, G V, Ackerman, A S, Crnivec, N, Pincus, R, Chepfer, H | Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Potential Vorticity, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Vertical Profiles, Upper Air Temperature, Air Temperature, Relative Humidity, Specific Humidity, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Altitude, Geopotential Height, Ozone Profiles | |
| Zonally Asymmetric Temperature Trends near the Northern Middle and High Latitude Stratopause during Winter | Wang, Tao, Tian, Wenshou, Zhang, Ruhua, Luo, Jiali, Feng, Wuhu | Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Potential Vorticity, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Vertical Profiles, Upper Air Temperature, Air Temperature, Relative Humidity, Specific Humidity, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Altitude, Geopotential Height, Ozone Profiles | |
| Uncertain role of clouds in shaping summertime atmosphere-sea ice connections in reanalyses and CMIP6 models | Luo, Rui, Ding, Qinghua, Baxter, Ian, Chen, Xianyao, Wu, Zhiwei, Bushuk, Mitchell, Wang, Hailong | Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Potential Vorticity, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Vertical Profiles, Upper Air Temperature, Air Temperature, Relative Humidity, Specific Humidity, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Altitude, Geopotential Height, Ozone Profiles | |
| The Role of Tropical Easterly Jet on the Bay of Bengal's Tropical Cyclones: Observed Climatology and Future Projection | Fahad, Abdullah A., Reale, Oreste, Molod, Andrea, Sany, Tahmidul Azom, Ahammad, Md Tashin, Menemenlis, Dimitris | Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Potential Vorticity, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Vertical Profiles, Upper Air Temperature, Air Temperature, Relative Humidity, Specific Humidity, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Altitude, Geopotential Height, Ozone Profiles | |
| Analysis of Temperature Semi-Annual Oscillations (SAO) in the Middle Atmosphere | Shangguan, Ming, Wang, Wuke | Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Potential Vorticity, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Vertical Profiles, Upper Air Temperature, Air Temperature, Relative Humidity, Specific Humidity, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Altitude, Geopotential Height, Ozone Profiles, Temperature Tendency | |
| Mineral dust aerosols over the Himalayas from polarization-resolved satellite lidar observations | Lakshmi, N.B., Babu, S. Suresh, Nair, Vijayakumar S. | Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Potential Vorticity, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Vertical Profiles, Upper Air Temperature, Air Temperature, Relative Humidity, Specific Humidity, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Altitude, Geopotential Height, Ozone Profiles | |
| Continental patterns of bird migration linked to climate variability | Dezfuli, Amin, Horton, Kyle G., Zuckerberg, Benjamin, Schubert, Siegfried D., Bosilovich, Michael G. | Air Temperature, Precipitation Rate, 24 Hour Maximum Temperature, 24 Hour Minimum Temperature, Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Potential Vorticity, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Vertical Profiles, Upper Air Temperature, Relative Humidity, Specific Humidity, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Altitude, Geopotential Height, Ozone Profiles | |
| Divergent representation of precipitation recycling in the Amazon and the Congo in CMIP6 models | Baker, J. C. A., Spracklen, D. V. | Surface Temperature, Skin Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Air Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, Surface Winds, U/V Wind Components, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Specific Humidity, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Altitude, Boundary Layer Winds, Geopotential Height, Vertical Profiles, U/V Wind Components, Ozone Profiles, Heat Flux, Skin Temperature, Water Vapor, Precipitation Rate, Snow/Ice, Evaporation, Latent Heat Flux, Latent Heat Flux, Sensible Heat Flux, Diffusion, Surface Winds, Wind Speed, Wind Stress, Wind Stress, Surface Roughness, Planetary Boundary Layer Height, Ice Fraction, Potential Vorticity, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Relative Humidity | |
| Interannual impact of the North Atlantic tripole SST mode on the surface potential vorticity over the Tibetan Plateau during boreal summer | Sheng, Chen, He, Bian, Wu, Guoxiong, Liu, Yimin, Zhang, Shaoyu, Zhang, Ping | Surface Temperature, Skin Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Air Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, Surface Winds, U/V Wind Components, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Specific Humidity, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Altitude, Boundary Layer Winds, Pressure Thickness, U/V Wind Components, Potential Vorticity, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Vertical Profiles, Relative Humidity, Cloud Fraction, Geopotential Height, Ozone Profiles | |
| On the Relationship of Arctic Oscillation with Atmospheric Rivers and | Liner, Samuel, Ryoo, Ju-Mee, Chiao, Sen | Geopotential Height, Altitude, Surface Temperature, Skin Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Dew Point Temperature, Air Temperature, Cloud Top Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, Surface Winds, U/V Wind Components, Upper Level Winds, U/V Wind Components, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Cloud Top Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Specific Humidity, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds, Total Ozone, Potential Temperature, Potential Temperature, Air Mass/Density, Potential Vorticity, Vertical Profiles, Relative Humidity, Ozone Profiles, Precipitation, Precipitation Amount, Precipitation Rate, Snow, Rain | |
| LargeScale Afforestation Enhances Precipitation by Intensifying the Atmospheric Water Cycle Over the Chinese Loess Plateau | Tian, Lei, Zhang, Baoqing, Chen, Shuoyu, Wang, Xuejin, Ma, Xiaogang, Pan, Baotian | Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Potential Vorticity, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Vertical Profiles, Upper Air Temperature, Air Temperature, Relative Humidity, Specific Humidity, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Altitude, Geopotential Height, Ozone Profiles, Heat Flux, Skin Temperature, Water Vapor, Precipitation Rate, Snow/Ice, Evaporation, Latent Heat Flux, Latent Heat Flux, Sensible Heat Flux, Diffusion, Surface Winds, Wind Speed, Wind Stress, Wind Stress, Surface Roughness, Planetary Boundary Layer Height, Ice Fraction | |
| Modeling the contribution of Nitrogen Dioxide, Vertical pressure velocity and PM2. 5 to COVID-19 fatalities | Boluwade, Alaba, M., Amna, Ruheili, Al | Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Potential Vorticity, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Vertical Profiles, Upper Air Temperature, Air Temperature, Relative Humidity, Specific Humidity, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Altitude, Geopotential Height, Ozone Profiles, Nitrogen Dioxide | |
| Stratospheric Circulation Changes Associated With the Hunga TongaHunga Ha'apai Eruption | Coy, L., Newman, P. A., Wargan, K., Partyka, G., Strahan, S. E., Pawson, S. | Upper Air Temperature, Air Temperature, Temperature Tendency, Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Potential Vorticity, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Vertical Profiles, Relative Humidity, Specific Humidity, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Altitude, Geopotential Height, Ozone Profiles, Trace Gases/Trace Species | |
| The semi-annual oscillation (SAO) in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) | Shangguan, Ming, Wang, Wuke | Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Potential Vorticity, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Vertical Profiles, Upper Air Temperature, Air Temperature, Relative Humidity, Specific Humidity, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Altitude, Geopotential Height, Ozone Profiles, Temperature Tendency | |
| Ozone Variability at 10 hPa Altitude in Indonesia Based on MERRA-2 Data | Kombara, Prawira Yudha, Komala, Ninong | Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Potential Vorticity, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Vertical Profiles, Upper Air Temperature, Air Temperature, Relative Humidity, Specific Humidity, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Altitude, Geopotential Height, Ozone Profiles | |
| An investigation on seasonal and diurnal cycles of toa shortwave radiations from dscovr/epic, ceres, merra-2, and era5 | Lim, Young-Kwon, Wu, Dong L., Kim, Kyu-Myong, Lee, Jae N. | Atmospheric Radiation, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Radiative Flux, Radiative Forcing, Surface Radiative Properties, Albedo, Emissivity, Cloud Properties, Cloud Fraction, Cloud Optical Depth/Thickness, Skin Temperature, Skin Temperature, Sea Surface Skin Temperature, Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Potential Vorticity, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Vertical Profiles, Upper Air Temperature, Air Temperature, Relative Humidity, Specific Humidity, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Altitude, Geopotential Height, Ozone Profiles | |
| A systematic assessment of water vapor products in the Arctic: from instantaneous measurements to monthly means | Crewell, Susanne, Ebell, Kerstin, Konjari, Patrick, Mech, Mario, Nomokonova, Tatiana, Radovan, Ana, Strack, David, Triana-Gomez, Arantxa M., Noel, Stefan, Scarlat, Raul, Spreen, Gunnar, Maturilli, Marion, Rinke, Annette, Gorodetskaya, Irina, Viceto, Carolina, August, Thomas, Schroder, Marc | Air Temperature, Carbon Monoxide, Cloud Fraction, Cloud Height, Cloud Top Pressure, Cloud Top Temperature, Cloud Vertical Distribution, Emissivity, Geopotential Height, Methane, Outgoing Longwave Radiation, Atmospheric Ozone, Total Precipitable Water, Sea Surface Temperature, Surface Pressure, Skin Temperature, Surface Temperature, Sulfur Dioxide, Tropopause, Tropospheric Ozone, Upper Air Temperature, Water Vapor Profiles, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Sea Level Pressure, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Potential Vorticity, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Vertical Profiles, Relative Humidity, Specific Humidity, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Altitude, Ozone Profiles, Humidity | |
| Winter warming in North America induced by urbanization in China | Wang, Yong, Zhang, Guang J., Gong, Peng, Dickinson, Robert E., Fu, Rong, Li, Xuecao, Yang, Jun, Liu, Shu, He, Yujun, Li, Lijuan, Wang, Bin, Xu, Bing | Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Potential Vorticity, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Vertical Profiles, Upper Air Temperature, Air Temperature, Relative Humidity, Specific Humidity, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Altitude, Geopotential Height, Ozone Profiles | |
| The Observed Relationship between Pacific SST Variability and Hadley | Rollings, Michael, Merlis, Timothy M. | Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Potential Vorticity, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Vertical Profiles, Upper Air Temperature, Air Temperature, Relative Humidity, Specific Humidity, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Altitude, Geopotential Height, Ozone Profiles | |
| Evaluation of the CMIP6 marine subtropical stratocumulus cloud albedo and its controlling factors | Jian, Bida, Li, Jiming, Wang, Guoyin, Zhao, Yuxin, Li, Yarong, Wang, Jing, Zhang, Min, Huang, Jianping | Dust/Ash/Smoke, Carbonaceous Aerosols, Organic Particles, Sulfate Particles, Sulfur Oxides, Sulfur Compounds, Sulfate, Sulfur Dioxide, Sulfur Oxides, Dimethyl Sulfide, Aerosol Particle Properties, Particulate Matter, Aerosols, Surface Pressure, Pressure Thickness, Relative Humidity, Sea Salt, Black Carbon, Air Mass/Density, Surface Temperature, Skin Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Air Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, Surface Winds, U/V Wind Components, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Specific Humidity, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Altitude, Boundary Layer Winds, U/V Wind Components, Potential Vorticity, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Vertical Profiles, Geopotential Height, Ozone Profiles | |
| Persistent stratospheric warming due to 20192020 Australian wildfire smoke | Yu, Pengfei, Davis, Sean M., Toon, Owen B., Portmann, Robert W., Bardeen, Charles G., Barnes, John E., Telg, Hagen, Maloney, Christopher, Rosenlof, Karen H. | Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Potential Vorticity, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Vertical Profiles, Upper Air Temperature, Air Temperature, Relative Humidity, Specific Humidity, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Altitude, Geopotential Height, Ozone Profiles | |
| Impact of meteorological changes on particulate matter and aerosol optical depth in Seoul during the months of June over recent decades | Yang, Seohee H., Jeong, Jaein I., Park, Rokjin J., Kim, Minjoong J. | Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Potential Vorticity, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Vertical Profiles, Upper Air Temperature, Air Temperature, Relative Humidity, Specific Humidity, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Altitude, Geopotential Height, Ozone Profiles | |
| Arctic clouds simulated by a multiscale modeling framework and comparisons with observations and conventional GCMs | Li, Zhujun, Xu, KuanMan | Pressure Thickness, Surface Pressure, Relative Humidity, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Cloud Optical Depth/Thickness, Cloud Properties, Cloud Fraction, Cloud Mass Flux, Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Potential Vorticity, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Vertical Profiles, Upper Air Temperature, Air Temperature, Specific Humidity, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Altitude, Geopotential Height, Ozone Profiles, Atmospheric Radiation, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Radiative Flux, Radiative Forcing, Surface Radiative Properties, Albedo, Emissivity, Skin Temperature, Skin Temperature, Sea Surface Skin Temperature | |
| Hadley cell expansion in CMIP6 models | Grise, Kevin M., Davis, Sean M. | Geopotential Height, Altitude, Surface Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Dew Point Temperature, Air Temperature, Cloud Top Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, Surface Winds, U/V Wind Components, Upper Level Winds, U/V Wind Components, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Cloud Top Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Specific Humidity, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds, Skin Temperature, Potential Vorticity, Vertical Profiles, Relative Humidity, Ozone Profiles | |
| Spatial and Temporal Distribution of PM2.5 Pollution over Northeastern | Carmona, Johana M., Gupta, Pawan, Lozano-Garcia, Diego F., Vanoye, Ana Y., Yepez, Fabiola D., Mendoza, Alberto | Heat Flux, Air Temperature, Skin Temperature, Specific Humidity, Water Vapor, Precipitation Rate, Snow/Ice, Evaporation, Latent Heat Flux, Latent Heat Flux, Sensible Heat Flux, Diffusion, Surface Winds, Wind Speed, U/V Wind Components, Wind Stress, Wind Stress, Surface Roughness, Planetary Boundary Layer Height, Ice Fraction, Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, U/V Wind Components, Potential Vorticity, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Vertical Profiles, Upper Air Temperature, Relative Humidity, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Altitude, Geopotential Height, Ozone Profiles, Aerosols, Aerosol Extinction, Aerosol Optical Depth/Thickness, Angstrom Exponent, Aerosol Particle Properties, Carbonaceous Aerosols, Dust/Ash/Smoke, Organic Particles, Sulfate Particles, Sulfur Oxides, Sulfur Compounds, Sulfate, Sulfur Dioxide, Sulfur Oxides, Particulate Matter, Dimethyl Sulfide, Black Carbon, Sea Salt, PARTICULATE MATTER (PM 2.5), PARTICULATE MATTER (PM 10), PARTICULATE MATTER (PM 1.0) |
Variables
The table below lists the variables contained within a single granule for this dataset. Variables often contain observed or derived geophysical measurements collected from a variety of sources, including remote sensing instruments on satellite and airborne platforms, field campaigns, in situ measurements, and model outputs. The terms variable, parameter, scientific data set, layer, and band have been used across NASA’s Earth science disciplines; however, variable is the designated nomenclature in NASA’s Common Metadata Repository (CMR). Variable metadata attributes such as Name, Description, Units, Data Type, Fill Value, Valid Range, and Scale Factor allow users to efficiently process and analyze the data. The full range of attributes may not be applicable to all variables. Additional information on variable attributes is typically available in the data, user guide, and/or other product documentation.
For questions on a specific variable, please use the Earthdata Forum.
| Name Sort descending | Description | Units | Data Type | Fill Value | Valid Range | Scale Factor | Offset |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Var_RH | Var_RH | 1 1 | float32 | 999999986991104 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Var_SLP | Var_SLP | Pa Pa | float32 | 999999986991104 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Var_T | Var_T | K K | float32 | 999999986991104 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Var_U | Var_U | m s-1 m s-1 | float32 | 999999986991104 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Var_V | Var_V | m s-1 m s-1 | float32 | 999999986991104 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| VSQS | VSQS | m s-1 kg kg-1 | float32 | 999999986991104 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| VSTS | VSTS | m s-1 K | float32 | 999999986991104 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| WSQS | WSQS | Pa s-1 kg kg-1 | float32 | 999999986991104 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| WSTS | WSTS | Pa s-1 K | float32 | 999999986991104 | N/A | N/A | N/A |