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Description

M2T1NXLND (or tavg1_2d_lnd_Nx) is an hourly time-averaged 2-dimensional data collection in Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2). This collection consists of land surface diagnostics, such as baseflow flux, runoff, surface soil wetness, root zone soil wetness, water at surface layer, water at root zone layer, and soil temperature at six layers. The data field is time-stamped with the central time of an hour starting from 00:30 UTC, e.g.: 00:30, 01:30, … , 23:30 UTC.

MERRA-2 is the latest version of global atmospheric reanalysis for the satellite era produced by NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) using the Goddard Earth Observing System Model (GEOS) version 5.12.4. The dataset covers the period of 1980-present with the latency of ~3 weeks after the end of a month.

Data Reprocessing: Please check “Records of MERRA-2 Data Reprocessing and Service Changes” linked from the “Documentation” tab on this page. Note that a reprocessed data filename is different from the original file.

MERRA-2 Mailing List: Sign up to receive information on reprocessing of data, changing of tools and services, as well as data announcements from GMAO. Contact the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov) to be added to the list.

Questions: If you have a question, please read "MERRA-2 File Specification Document", “MERRA-2 Data Access – Quick Start Guide”, and FAQs linked from the ”Documentation” tab on this page. If that does not answer your question, you may post your question to the NASA Earthdata Forum (forum.earthdata.nasa.gov) or email the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov).

Version Description

The GEOS-5 model version used for processing MERRA-2

Product Summary

Platforms
MERRA-2
Instruments
NOT APPLICABLE
Spatial Extent

N: 90 S: -90 E: 180 W: -180

Spatial Resolution
0.625 Decimal Degrees x 0.5 Decimal Degrees
Location
GLOBAL
Coordinate System
CARTESIAN
Granule Spatial Representation
CARTESIAN
Temporal Extent
1980-01-01 to Present
Data Partner
Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (formerly Goddard DAAC), Terrestrial Information Systems Laboratory, Earth Sciences Division, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA (NASA/GSFC/SED/ESD/TISL/GESDI
Concept ID
C1276812861-GES_DISC
Data State
ACTIVE
Number of Files/Granules
16893
Processing Level
4
Published
Updated
Science Keywords
Longwave Radiation ,
Shortwave Radiation ,
Soil Heat Budget ,
Soil Heat Budget ,
Soil Temperature ,
Soil Temperature ,
Soil Infiltration ,
Soil Infiltration ,
Soil Moisture/Water Content ,
Surface Soil Moisture ,
Root Zone Soil Moisture ,
Soil Moisture/Water Content ,
Evaporation ,
Surface Water ,
Runoff Rate ,
Average Flow ,
Average Flow ,
Precipitation ,
Snow/Ice ,
Snow Depth ,
Snow Melt ,
Snow/Ice Temperature ,
Leaf Area Index (LAI) ,
Leaf Area Index (LAI)

Citation

Citation is critically important for dataset documentation and discovery. This dataset is openly shared, without restriction, in accordance with the EOSDIS Data Use and Citation Guidance.

Copy Citation

Global Modeling And Assimilation Office, & Pawson, S. (2015). MERRA-2 tavg1_2d_lnd_Nx: 2d,1-Hourly,Time-Averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Land Surface Diagnostics V5.12.4 [Data set]. NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center. https://doi.org/10.5067/RKPHT8KC1Y1T Date Accessed: 2026-04-30

Documents

Publications Citing This Dataset

Filters
Title Year Author Topic
Model sensitivity across scales: a case study of simulating an offshore low-level jet Hawbecker, Patrick, Lassman, William, Juliano, Timothy W., Kosovic, Branko, Haupt, Sue Ellen Sea Surface Temperature, Geopotential Height, Altitude, Surface Temperature, Skin Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Dew Point Temperature, Air Temperature, Cloud Top Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, Surface Winds, U/V Wind Components, Upper Level Winds, U/V Wind Components, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Cloud Top Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Specific Humidity, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds, Total Ozone, Sea Surface Topography, Vertical Profiles, Ozone Profiles, Sea Surface Temperature, Sea Surface Temperature, Sea Surface Temperature, Sea Surface Temperature, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Heat Flux, Heat Flux, Heat Flux, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Water Vapor Tendency, Water Vapor Flux, Cloud Dynamics, Cloud Microphysics, Ice Fraction, Sea Surface Skin Temperature, Skin Temperature
Assessment of reanalysis soil temperature products over the pan-Arctic Li, Yanjie, Wang, Lingxiao, Zhao, Lin, Hu, Guojie, Wu, Yifan, Li, Yan, Li, Xiangfei, Wang, Meng, Zhao, Jianting, Li, Zhibin Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)
Tree size-dependent effects of tree diversity on aboveground biomass during development in subtropical coniferous forests Zhu, Yu, Wang, Chen, Wang, Jiajia, Li, Quanlin, Zhu, Liangjun, Zhao, Meifang, Gao, Fei, Wang, Zhao, Liu, Shuguang Geopotential Height, Altitude, Surface Temperature, Skin Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Dew Point Temperature, Air Temperature, Cloud Top Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, Surface Winds, U/V Wind Components, Upper Level Winds, U/V Wind Components, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Cloud Top Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Specific Humidity, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds, Total Ozone, Atmospheric Radiation, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Radiative Flux, Radiative Forcing, Surface Radiative Properties, Albedo, Emissivity, Cloud Properties, Cloud Fraction, Cloud Optical Depth/Thickness, Skin Temperature, Sea Surface Skin Temperature, Heat Flux, Water Vapor, Precipitation Rate, Snow/Ice, Evaporation, Latent Heat Flux, Latent Heat Flux, Sensible Heat Flux, Diffusion, Surface Winds, Wind Speed, Wind Stress, Wind Stress, Surface Roughness, Planetary Boundary Layer Height, Ice Fraction, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
A New Classification of In Situ and Anvil Cirrus Clouds Uncovers Their Mu, Qingyu, Ge, Jinming, Huang, Jianping, Hu, Xiaoyu, Peng, Nan, Li, Yize, Wang, Meihua, Zhang, Jie, Xu, Ziyang, Zhang, Chi, Liu, Bochun Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Monsoon-Frontal Interactions Drive Cyclone Biparjoy's Wake Recovery in Kerhalkar, Siddhant, Kannad, Ankitha, Kinsella, Alex, Tandon, Amit, Sprintall, Janet, Lee, Craig M. Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Ocean Currents
Multiscale analysis of existing actual evapotranspiration products over Etchanchu, Jordi, Demarty, Jerome, Dezetter, Alain, Farhani, Nesrine, Thiam, Pape Biteye, Allies, Aubin, Bodian, Ansoumana, Boulet, Gilles, Chahinian, Nanee, Diop, Lamine, Mainassara, Ibrahim, Ndiaye, Pape Malick, Ollivier, Chloe, Olioso, Albert, Roupsard, Olivier Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Surface Temperature, Humidity, Evapotranspiration, Surface Winds, Rain, Precipitation Rate, Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature, Snow Water Equivalent, Runoff, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Influence of Soil Moisture on Surface Air Temperature in Monsoons Takaya, Yuhei, Ganeshi, Naresh G., Kosaka, Yu, Liang, X. San, Sato, Tomonori Air Temperature, Precipitation Rate, 24 Hour Maximum Temperature, 24 Hour Minimum Temperature, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Atmospheric Radiation, Radiative Flux, Radiative Forcing, Surface Radiative Properties, Albedo, Emissivity, Cloud Properties, Cloud Fraction, Cloud Optical Depth/Thickness, Skin Temperature, Skin Temperature, Sea Surface Skin Temperature
Evaluating the affecting factors of glacier mass balance in Tanggula Mountains using explainable machine learning and the open global glacier model Xu, Qiangqiang, Kang, Shichang, He, Xiaobo, Xu, Min Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Ice Velocity
Drought Weather in the Northeast United States Agel, Laurie, Barlow, Mathew, Skinner, Christopher B., Karmalkar, Ambarish V. Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Geopotential Height, Altitude, Surface Temperature, Skin Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Dew Point Temperature, Air Temperature, Cloud Top Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, Surface Winds, U/V Wind Components, Upper Level Winds, U/V Wind Components, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Cloud Top Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Specific Humidity, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds, Total Ozone, Potential Vorticity, Vertical Profiles, Relative Humidity, Ozone Profiles, Heat Flux, Heat Flux, Heat Flux, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Water Vapor Tendency, Water Vapor Flux, Cloud Dynamics, Cloud Microphysics
How much water vapour does the Tibetan Plateau release into the atmosphere? Zheng, Chaolei, Jia, Li, Hu, Guangcheng, Menenti, Massimo, Timmermans, Joris Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Surface Temperature, Humidity, Evapotranspiration, Surface Winds, Rain, Precipitation Rate, Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature, Snow Water Equivalent, Runoff, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Ground Water, Latent Heat Flux
Fluctuation smoothing performance of wind-powered absorption chiller Wang, Shuo, Deng, Zhenpeng, Chen, Hua, Cheng, Wen-long Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Implications of reduced-complexity aerosol thermodynamics on organic aerosol mass concentration and composition over North America Serrano Damha, Camilo, Gorkowski, Kyle, Zuend, Andreas Geopotential Height, Altitude, Surface Temperature, Skin Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Dew Point Temperature, Air Temperature, Cloud Top Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, Surface Winds, U/V Wind Components, Upper Level Winds, U/V Wind Components, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Cloud Top Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Specific Humidity, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds, Total Ozone, Precipitation Rate, Water Vapor Flux, Pressure Thickness, Relative Humidity, Cloud Optical Depth/Thickness, Cloud Properties, Cloud Fraction, Cloud Mass Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Atmospheric Radiation, Radiative Flux, Radiative Forcing, Surface Radiative Properties, Albedo, Emissivity, Skin Temperature, Sea Surface Skin Temperature, Ozone Profiles, Sea Surface Topography, Heat Flux, Water Vapor, Latent Heat Flux, Latent Heat Flux, Sensible Heat Flux, Diffusion, Surface Winds, Wind Speed, Wind Stress, Wind Stress, Surface Roughness, Planetary Boundary Layer Height, Ice Fraction, Potential Vorticity, Vertical Profiles
Mechanistic Modeling of Aedes aegypti Mosquito Habitats for Yasanayake, C. N., Zaitchik, B. F., Gnanadesikan, A., Gardner, L. M., Shet, A. Precipitation, Precipitation Amount, Precipitation Rate, Snow, Rain, Geopotential Height, Altitude, Surface Temperature, Skin Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Dew Point Temperature, Air Temperature, Cloud Top Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, Surface Winds, U/V Wind Components, Upper Level Winds, U/V Wind Components, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Cloud Top Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Specific Humidity, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds, Total Ozone, Atmospheric Radiation, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Radiative Flux, Radiative Forcing, Surface Radiative Properties, Albedo, Emissivity, Cloud Properties, Cloud Fraction, Cloud Optical Depth/Thickness, Skin Temperature, Sea Surface Skin Temperature, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Potential of long-term satellite observations and reanalysis products for characterising soil drying: trends and drought events Hirschi, Martin, Stradiotti, Pietro, Crezee, Bas, Dorigo, Wouter, Seneviratne, Sonia I. Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Predicting Freeze-Thaw States in Alaska Permafrost Landscapes using Ahajjam, A., Soaper, M., Chance, R., Chandler, J., Pasch, T. Heat Flux, Air Temperature, Skin Temperature, Specific Humidity, Water Vapor, Precipitation Rate, Snow/Ice, Evaporation, Latent Heat Flux, Latent Heat Flux, Sensible Heat Flux, Diffusion, Surface Winds, Wind Speed, U/V Wind Components, Wind Stress, Wind Stress, Surface Roughness, Planetary Boundary Layer Height, Ice Fraction, Atmospheric Radiation, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Radiative Flux, Radiative Forcing, Surface Radiative Properties, Albedo, Emissivity, Cloud Properties, Cloud Fraction, Cloud Optical Depth/Thickness, Skin Temperature, Sea Surface Skin Temperature, Geopotential Height, Altitude, Surface Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Dew Point Temperature, Cloud Top Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, Surface Winds, Upper Level Winds, U/V Wind Components, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Cloud Top Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds, Total Ozone, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Brightness Temperature, Transition Direction
Advancing polar prediction: Enhancing short-range forecasting accuracy with Polar WRF at Bharati and Maitri stations in Antarctica Kumar, Anikender, Kumar, Vivek, Das, Anand Kumar, Rawat, Shivani, Jena, Chinmay Kumar, Bist, Sanjay, Soni, Vijay Kumar, Pai, D S Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
A Three-Stage Optimal Energy Management Strategy for Co-Phase Power Supply Systems with Integration of Renewable Energy Gao, Shengfu, Li, Qunzhan, Ding, Juxia, Liu, Wei, Xu, Qian, Li, Songyuan Geopotential Height, Altitude, Surface Temperature, Skin Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Dew Point Temperature, Air Temperature, Cloud Top Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, Surface Winds, U/V Wind Components, Upper Level Winds, U/V Wind Components, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Cloud Top Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Specific Humidity, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds, Total Ozone, Atmospheric Radiation, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Radiative Flux, Radiative Forcing, Surface Radiative Properties, Albedo, Emissivity, Cloud Properties, Cloud Fraction, Cloud Optical Depth/Thickness, Skin Temperature, Sea Surface Skin Temperature, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Applicability of a Sine-Random Forest Hybrid Method for meteorological Zhang, Siyao, Li, Jianzhu, Zhang, Ting, Tian, Jiyang, Feng, Ping Heat Flux, Air Temperature, Skin Temperature, Specific Humidity, Water Vapor, Precipitation Rate, Snow/Ice, Evaporation, Latent Heat Flux, Latent Heat Flux, Sensible Heat Flux, Diffusion, Surface Winds, Wind Speed, U/V Wind Components, Wind Stress, Wind Stress, Surface Roughness, Planetary Boundary Layer Height, Ice Fraction, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Surface Pressure, Surface Temperature, Humidity, Evapotranspiration, Surface Winds, Rain, Snow, Land Surface Temperature, Snow Water Equivalent, Runoff, Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Challenges in surface mass balance estimation at Dome C: stake farm comparisons, measurement uncertainties, and station-induced biases Stefanini, Claudio, Stenni, Barbara, Masiol, Mauro, Dreossi, Giuliano, Favier, Vincent, Becherini, Francesca, Scarchilli, Claudio, Ciardini, Virginia, Carugati, Gabriele, Frezzotti, Massimo Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Benchmarking of snow water equivalent (SWE) products based on outcomes of the SnowPEx Intercomparison Project Mudryk, Lawrence, Mortimer, Colleen, Derksen, Chris, Elias Chereque, Aleksandra, Kushner, Paul Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Surface Temperature, Humidity, Evapotranspiration, Surface Winds, Rain, Precipitation Rate, Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature, Snow Water Equivalent, Runoff, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Ground Water
Beyond the Mean: Cold and Warm Tail Temperature Trends Reveal Asymmetric Peng, Xiao, Liu, Ziwei, Ziegler, Alan D., Zhang, Chao, Liu, Zhanwei, He, Xiaogang Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Can discharge be used to inversely correct precipitation? Manoj J, Ashish, Loritz, Ralf, Gupta, Hoshin, Zehe, Erwin Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Disentangling Global Dust-High Cloud Nonlinear Interactions Through Mu, Qingyu, Ge, Jinming, Huang, Jianping, Li, Qinghao, Hu, Xiaoyu, Xia, Yang, Zhu, Zeen, Wang, Bo, Peng, Nan Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Diagnosing aerosolmeteorological interactions on snow within Earth system models: a proof-of-concept study over High Mountain Asia Roychoudhury, Chayan, He, Cenlin, Kumar, Rajesh, Arellano Jr., Avelino F. Reflectance, Dust/Ash/Smoke, Carbonaceous Aerosols, Organic Particles, Sulfate Particles, Sulfur Oxides, Sulfur Compounds, Sulfate, Sulfur Dioxide, Sulfur Oxides, Dimethyl Sulfide, Aerosol Particle Properties, Particulate Matter, Aerosols, Surface Pressure, Pressure Thickness, Relative Humidity, Sea Salt, Black Carbon, Air Mass/Density, Aerosol Concentration, Deposition, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Atmospheric Radiation, Radiative Flux, Radiative Forcing, Surface Radiative Properties, Albedo, Emissivity, Cloud Properties, Cloud Fraction, Cloud Optical Depth/Thickness, Skin Temperature, Skin Temperature, Sea Surface Skin Temperature, Land Surface Temperature, Snow Cover, Aerosol Extinction, Aerosol Optical Depth/Thickness, Angstrom Exponent, PARTICULATE MATTER (PM 2.5), PARTICULATE MATTER (PM 1.0), PARTICULATE MATTER (PM 10), Precipitation, Precipitation Amount, Precipitation Rate, Snow, Rain, Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Potential Vorticity, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Vertical Profiles, Upper Air Temperature, Air Temperature, Specific Humidity, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Altitude, Geopotential Height, Ozone Profiles, Surface Temperature, Dew Point Temperature, Cloud Top Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, Surface Winds, Upper Level Winds, Atmospheric Pressure, Cloud Top Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Total Precipitable Water, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds, Albedo, Snow Depth, Snow Water Equivalent, Heat Flux, Water Vapor, Snow/Ice, Evaporation, Latent Heat Flux, Latent Heat Flux, Sensible Heat Flux, Diffusion, Surface Winds, Wind Speed, Wind Stress, Wind Stress, Surface Roughness, Planetary Boundary Layer Height, Ice Fraction, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Resilience assessment of an urban rail transit network under natural Chen, Jinqu, Liu, Xiaowei, Hu, Xinyue, Du, Bo, Yin, Yong Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Wind Dynamics, Wind Direction Tendency, Wind Speed Tendency, Wind Direction Tendency, Wind Speed Tendency, Precipitation Amount, Precipitation Rate, Snow, Rain
Spatiotemporal trends of compound extremes and their impacts in Southeast Asia from 1983 to 2022 Jian, Wei, Lestari, Diah Valentina, Lo, Edmond Yatman Geopotential Height, Altitude, Surface Temperature, Skin Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Dew Point Temperature, Air Temperature, Cloud Top Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, Surface Winds, U/V Wind Components, Upper Level Winds, U/V Wind Components, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Cloud Top Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Specific Humidity, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds, Total Ozone, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Vertical Profiles, Ozone Profiles
The impact of rainfall value on the accuracy of the SCS-CN model: selection of model parameters Sun, Qiang, Liu, Jiahao Atmospheric Radiation, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Radiative Flux, Radiative Forcing, Surface Radiative Properties, Albedo, Emissivity, Cloud Properties, Cloud Fraction, Cloud Optical Depth/Thickness, Skin Temperature, Skin Temperature, Sea Surface Skin Temperature, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Heat Flux, Air Temperature, Specific Humidity, Water Vapor, Precipitation Rate, Latent Heat Flux, Latent Heat Flux, Sensible Heat Flux, Diffusion, Surface Winds, Wind Speed, U/V Wind Components, Wind Stress, Wind Stress, Surface Roughness, Planetary Boundary Layer Height, Ice Fraction
Tracking Hurricane-Induced Water Storage Changes Using GRACE and Li, Haosi, Yi, Shuang, Tang, He Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Surface Temperature, Humidity, Evapotranspiration, Surface Winds, Rain, Precipitation Rate, Snow, Land Surface Temperature, Snow Water Equivalent, Runoff, Canopy Characteristics, Leaf Characteristics, Vegetation Cover, Albedo, Gravity
Transient modeling and control strategies for WT-PV integrated hydrogen production system Zhang, Xiyuan, Wang, Bowen, Zhang, Fan, Wu, Kangcheng, Li, Ye, Li, Bin, Jiao, Kui Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
A novel approach to deriving the fine-scale daily NO2 dataset during 20052020 in China: Improving spatial resolution and temporal coverage to advance exposure ... Zhu, Rongxin, Luo, Wenfeng, Grieneisen, Michael L., Zuoqiu, Sophia, Zhan, Yu, Yang, Fumo Nitrogen Dioxide, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Limited impact of hydrogen co-firing on prolonging fossil-based power generation under low emissions scenarios Oshiro, Ken, Fujimori, Shinichiro Atmospheric Radiation, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Radiative Flux, Radiative Forcing, Surface Radiative Properties, Albedo, Emissivity, Cloud Properties, Cloud Fraction, Cloud Optical Depth/Thickness, Skin Temperature, Skin Temperature, Sea Surface Skin Temperature, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Evaluation of 10-m Wind Speed From ISD Meteorological Stations and the Faber, E., RochaLima, A., Colarco, P., Baker, B. Geopotential Height, Altitude, Surface Temperature, Skin Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Dew Point Temperature, Air Temperature, Cloud Top Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, Surface Winds, U/V Wind Components, Upper Level Winds, U/V Wind Components, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Cloud Top Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Specific Humidity, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds, Total Ozone, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Aerosols, Carbonaceous Aerosols, Dust/Ash/Smoke, Sulfur Dioxide, Sulfur Oxides, Sulfate, Sulfate Particles, Sulfur Oxides, Particulate Matter, Emissions, UV Aerosol Index, Gas/Aerosol Composition, Aerosol Extinction, Deposition
Improving global gross primary productivity estimation using two-leaf Li, Zhilong, Jiao, Ziti, Gao, Ge, Guo, Jing, Wang, Chenxia, Chen, Sizhe, Tan, Zheyou, Zhao, Wenyu Atmospheric Radiation, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Radiative Flux, Radiative Forcing, Surface Radiative Properties, Albedo, Emissivity, Cloud Properties, Cloud Fraction, Cloud Optical Depth/Thickness, Skin Temperature, Skin Temperature, Sea Surface Skin Temperature, Geopotential Height, Altitude, Surface Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Dew Point Temperature, Air Temperature, Cloud Top Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, Surface Winds, U/V Wind Components, Upper Level Winds, U/V Wind Components, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Cloud Top Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Specific Humidity, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds, Total Ozone, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Fraction Of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fapar), Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Predictive value of 8-year blood pressure measures in intracerebral haemorrhage risk over 5 years Zhang, Yiqian, Ding, Yinqi, Yu, Canqing, Sun, Dianjianyi, Pei, Pei, Du, Huaidong, Yang, Ling, Chen, Yiping, Schmidt, Dan, Avery, Daniel, Chen, Jianwei, Chen, Junshi, Chen, Zhengming, Li, Liming, Lv, Jun, Chen, Junshi, Chen, Zhengming, Clarke, Robert, Collins, Rory, Li, Liming, Lv, Jun, Peto, Richard, Walters, Robin, Avery, Daniel, Barnard, Maxim, Bennett, Derrick, Belbasis, Lazaros, Boxall, Ruth, Chan, Ka Hung, Chen, Yiping, Chen, Zhengming, Clarke, Charlotte, Clarke, Johnathan, Clarke, Robert, Du, Huaidong, Mohamed, Ahmed Edris, Fry, Hannah, Gilbert, Simon, Im, Pek Kei, Iona, Andri, Kakkoura, Maria, Kartsonaki, Christiana, Lam, Hubert, Lin, Kuang, Liu, James, Mazidi, Mohsen, Millwood, Iona, Morris, Sam, Nie, Qunhua, Pozarickij, Alfred, Rahmati, Maryanm, Ryder, Paul, Said, Saredo, Schmidt, Dan, Stevens, Becky, Turnbull, Iain, Walters, Robin, Wang, Baihan, Wang, Lin, Wright, Neil, Yang, Ling, Yang, Xiaoming, Yao, Pang, Han, Xiao, Hou, Can, Xia, Qingmei, Liu, Chao, Lv, Jun, Pei, Pei, Sun, Dianjianyi, Yu, Canqing, Pan, Lang, Pang, Zengchang, Gao, Ruqin, Li, Shanpeng, Duan, Haiping, Wang, Shaojie, Liu, Yongmei, Du, Ranran, Zang, Yajing, Cheng, Liang, Tian, Xiaocao, Zhang, Hua, Zhai, Yaoming, Ning, Feng, Sun, Xiaohui, Li, Feifei, Lv, Silu, Wang, Junzheng, Hou, Wei, Sun, Wei, Yan, Shichun, Cui, Xiaoming, Wang, Chi, Wu, Zhenyuan, Li, Yanjie, Kang, Quan, Luo, Huiming, Ou, Tingting, Zheng, Xiangyang, Guo, Zhendong, Wu, Shukuan, Li, Yilei, Li, Huimei, Wu, Ming, Zhou, Yonglin, Zhou, Jinyi, Tao, Ran, Yang, Jie, Su, Jian, Liu, Fang, Zhang, Jun, Hu, Yihe, Lu, Yan, Ma, Liangcai, Tang, Aiyu, Zhang, Shuo, Jin, Jianrong, Liu, Jingchao, Lin, Mei, Lu, Zhenzhen, Zhou, Lifang, Xie, Changping, Lan, Jian, Zhu, Tingping, Liu, Yun, Wei, Liuping, Zhou, Liyuan, Chen, Ningyu, Qin, Yulu, Wang, Sisi, Wu, Xianping, Zhang, Ningmei, Chen, Xiaofang, Chang, Xiaoyu, Yuan, Mingqiang, Wu, Xia, Chen, Xiaofang, Jiang, Wei, Liu, Jiaqiu, Sun, Qiang, Chen, Faqing, Ren, Xiaolan, Dong, Caixia, Zhang, Hui, Mao, Enke, Wang, Xiaoping, Wang, Tao, zhang, Xi, Kang, Kai, Feng, Shixian, Tian, Huizi, Fan, Lei, Li, XiaoLin, Sun, Huarong, He, Pan, Zhang, Xukui, Yu, Min, Hu, Ruying, Wang, Hao, Zhang, Xiaoyi, Cao, Yuan, Xie, Kaixu, Chen, Lingli, Shen, Dun, Li, Xiaojun, Jin, Donghui, Yin, Li, Liu, Huilin, Fu, Zhongxi, Xu, Xin, Zhang, Hao, Chen, Jianwei, Peng, Yuan, Zhang, Libo, Qu, Chan, Li, Shuya, Qin, Haiqiang, Wang, Yongjun, Chen, Qiling, Wang, Jihua, Sun, Xiaojia, Wang, Lei, Wang, Xun, Zhang, Liming, Zhou, Shanshan, Chen, Hongyuan, Chen, Li, Gou, Haiyan, Wang, Weizhi, Zhu, Yanmei, Zhu, Yulan, Zhang, Ning, Cheng, Xin, Dong, Qiang, Dong, Yi, Fang, Kun, Mao, Yiting, An, Yu, Chen, Peiling, Chen, Yinghua, Liu, Zhihong, Chen, Xiaohong, Jv, Naixin, Li, Xiaojiu, Liu, Liyang, Lu, Yun, Xing, Xiaona, You, Shihao, Cheng, Xiaoli, Gua, Chaojun, Jiang, Jinping, Liu, Jingyi, Ma, Shumei, Yang, Xuefeng, Du, Xiaomo, Xu, Jian, Yang, Xuecheng, Zhao, Xiaodi, Hao, Zilong, Liu, Ming, Wang, Deren, Li, Xiaoting, Hui, Lili, Liao, Zhanling, Liu, Feng, Feng, Chunning, Ji, Dejiang, Qu, Fengxia, Yuan, Wenwen, Ding, Jing, Du, Peng, Jin, Lirong, Mao, Yueshi, Wang, Xin Geopotential Height, Altitude, Surface Temperature, Skin Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Dew Point Temperature, Air Temperature, Cloud Top Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, Surface Winds, U/V Wind Components, Upper Level Winds, U/V Wind Components, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Cloud Top Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Specific Humidity, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds, Total Ozone, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Radiative and Microphysical Impacts of the Saharan Dust on Two Pan, Bowen, Wang, Yuan, Lin, Yun, Hsieh, JenShan, Lavallee, Michael, Zhao, Lijun, Zhang, Renyi Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
A sub-monthly timescale causality between snow cover and surface air temperature in the Northern Hemisphere inferred by LiangKleeman information flow analysis Takaya, Yuhei, Komatsu, Kensuke K., Ganeshi, Naresh Govind, Toyoda, Takahiro, Hasumi, Hiroyasu Atmospheric Radiation, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Radiative Flux, Radiative Forcing, Surface Radiative Properties, Albedo, Emissivity, Cloud Properties, Cloud Fraction, Cloud Optical Depth/Thickness, Skin Temperature, Skin Temperature, Sea Surface Skin Temperature, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Air Temperature, Precipitation Rate, 24 Hour Maximum Temperature, 24 Hour Minimum Temperature, Snow Cover
Sensitivity of horizontal resolution and land surface model in operational WRF forecast for Online Nuclear Emergency Response System (ONERS) Karmakar, Shanu, Rajeswari, J. R., Kundu, Dipan, Srinivas, C. V., Chandrasekaran, S., Venkatraman, B. Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Precipitation Amount, Precipitation Rate, Snow, Rain
Toward Flash Flood Modeling Using Gradient Resolving Representative Manoj J, Ashish, Loritz, Ralf, Villinger, Franziska, Malicke, Mirko, Koopaeidar, Mehdi, Goppert, Hans, Zehe, Erwin Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Validation of pan-Arctic soil temperatures in modern reanalysis and data assimilation systems Herrington, Tyler C., Fletcher, Christopher G., Kropp, Heather Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Air Temperature, Specific Humidity, Evapotranspiration, Wind Speed, Rain, Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature, Snow Cover, Snow Depth, Snow Water Equivalent, Runoff, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Where to draw the line: Physical space partitioning and view privacy in ar-based co-located collaboration for immersive analytics Ouedraogo, Inoussa, Nguyen, Huyen, Bourdot, Patrick Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Surface Temperature, Humidity, Evapotranspiration, Surface Winds, Rain, Precipitation Rate, Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature, Snow Water Equivalent, Runoff, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Which global reanalysis dataset has better representativeness in snow cover on the Tibetan Plateau? Yan, Shirui, Chen, Yang, Hou, Yaliang, Liu, Kexin, Li, Xuejing, Xing, Yuxuan, Wu, Dongyou, Cui, Jiecan, Zhou, Yue, Pu, Wei, Wang, Xin Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Surface Temperature, Humidity, Evapotranspiration, Surface Winds, Rain, Precipitation Rate, Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature, Snow Water Equivalent, Runoff, Air Temperature, 24 Hour Maximum Temperature, 24 Hour Minimum Temperature, Albedo, Snow Depth, Snow Water Equivalent, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Long-Term Characteristics of Surface Soil Moisture over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Response to Climate Change Zhu, Chenxia, Li, Shijie, Hagan, Daniel Fiifi Tawia, Wei, Xikun, Feng, Donghan, Lu, Jiao, Ullah, Waheed, Wang, Guojie Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Surface Temperature, Humidity, Evapotranspiration, Surface Winds, Rain, Precipitation Rate, Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature, Snow Water Equivalent, Runoff, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Late-fall satellite-based soil moisture observations show clear connections to subsequent spring streamflow Koster, Randal D., Liu, Qing, Crow, Wade T., Reichle, Rolf H. Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Evaluation of snow cover properties in ERA5 and ERA5-Land with several Kouki, Kerttu, Luojus, Kari, Riihela, Aku Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Albedo, Anisotropy, Reflectance
Generation of High-Resolution Gridded Runoff Product for the Republic of Korea Sub-Basins from Seasonal Merging of Global Reanalysis Datasets Sunwoo, Woo-Yeon, Nguyen, Hoang Hai, Jun, Kyung-Soo Surface Pressure, Heat Flux, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Surface Temperature, Humidity, Evapotranspiration, Surface Winds, Rain, Precipitation Rate, Snow, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Soil Temperature, Land Surface Temperature, Snow Water Equivalent, Runoff, Ground Water, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Modeling atmosphereland interactions at a rainforest sitea case study using Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) measurements and reanalysis data Schmitt, Amelie U., Ament, Felix, de Araujo, Alessandro C., Sa, Marta, Teixeira, Paulo Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Atmospheric Radiation, Radiative Flux, Radiative Forcing, Surface Radiative Properties, Albedo, Emissivity, Cloud Properties, Cloud Fraction, Cloud Optical Depth/Thickness, Skin Temperature, Skin Temperature, Sea Surface Skin Temperature, Geopotential Height, Altitude, Surface Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Dew Point Temperature, Air Temperature, Cloud Top Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, Surface Winds, U/V Wind Components, Upper Level Winds, U/V Wind Components, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Cloud Top Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Specific Humidity, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds, Total Ozone, Heat Flux, Water Vapor, Precipitation Rate, Latent Heat Flux, Latent Heat Flux, Sensible Heat Flux, Diffusion, Surface Winds, Wind Speed, Wind Stress, Wind Stress, Surface Roughness, Planetary Boundary Layer Height, Ice Fraction, Precipitation Amount, Snow, Rain
Photo-induced self-reduction enabling ultralow threshold voltage energy-conservation electrochromism Bai, Zhiyuan, Li, Ran, Ping, Lu, Fan, Qingchao, Lu, Ziqiu, Hou, Chengyi, Zhang, Qinghong, Li, Yaogang, Li, Kerui, Ling, Xi, Wang, Hongzhi Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Geopotential Height, Altitude, Surface Temperature, Skin Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Dew Point Temperature, Air Temperature, Cloud Top Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, Surface Winds, U/V Wind Components, Upper Level Winds, U/V Wind Components, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Cloud Top Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Specific Humidity, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds, Total Ozone
A submonthly scale causal relation between snow cover and surface air temperature over the autumnal Eurasian continent Komatsu, Kensuke K., Takaya, Yuhei, Toyoda, Takahiro, Hasumi, Hiroyasu Air Temperature, Precipitation Rate, 24 Hour Maximum Temperature, 24 Hour Minimum Temperature, Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Atmospheric Radiation, Radiative Flux, Radiative Forcing, Surface Radiative Properties, Albedo, Emissivity, Cloud Properties, Cloud Fraction, Cloud Optical Depth/Thickness, Skin Temperature, Skin Temperature, Sea Surface Skin Temperature
Controls of variability in the Laurentian Great Lakes terrestrial water budget Minallah, Samar, Steiner, Allison L., Ivanov, Valeriy Y., Wood, Andrew W. Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI)
Spatio-temporal reconstruction of winter glacier mass balance in the Alps, Scandinavia, Central Asia and western Canada (19812019) using climate ... Guidicelli, Matteo, Huss, Matthias, Gabella, Marco, Salzmann, Nadine Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Heat Budget, Soil Temperature, Soil Temperature, Soil Infiltration, Soil Infiltration, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Surface Soil Moisture, Root Zone Soil Moisture, Soil Moisture/Water Content, Evaporation, Surface Water, Runoff Rate, Average Flow, Average Flow, Precipitation, Snow/Ice, Snow Depth, Snow Melt, Snow/Ice Temperature, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Geopotential Height, Atmospheric Ozone, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Upper Air Temperature, Vertical Profiles, Air Temperature, Specific Humidity, U/V Wind Components, U/V Wind Components, Ozone Profiles, Altitude, Surface Temperature, Skin Temperature, Dew Point Temperature, Cloud Top Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, Surface Winds, Upper Level Winds, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Atmospheric Pressure, Cloud Top Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds, Total Ozone
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Variables

The table below lists the variables contained within a single granule for this dataset. Variables often contain observed or derived geophysical measurements collected from a variety of sources, including remote sensing instruments on satellite and airborne platforms, field campaigns, in situ measurements, and model outputs. The terms variable, parameter, scientific data set, layer, and band have been used across NASA’s Earth science disciplines; however, variable is the designated nomenclature in NASA’s Common Metadata Repository (CMR). Variable metadata attributes such as Name, Description, Units, Data Type, Fill Value, Valid Range, and Scale Factor allow users to efficiently process and analyze the data. The full range of attributes may not be applicable to all variables. Additional information on variable attributes is typically available in the data, user guide, and/or other product documentation.

For questions on a specific variable, please use the Earthdata Forum.

Name Description Units Data Type Fill Value Valid Range Scale Factor Offset
BASEFLOW BASEFLOW kg m-2 s-1 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
ECHANGE ECHANGE W m-2 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
EVLAND EVLAND kg m-2 s-1 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
EVPINTR EVPINTR W m-2 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
EVPSBLN EVPSBLN W m-2 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
EVPSOIL EVPSOIL W m-2 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
EVPTRNS EVPTRNS W m-2 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
FRSAT FRSAT 1 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
FRSNO FRSNO 1 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
FRUNST FRUNST 1 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
FRWLT FRWLT 1 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
GHLAND GHLAND W m-2 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
GRN GRN 1 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
GWETPROF GWETPROF 1 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
GWETROOT GWETROOT 1 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
GWETTOP GWETTOP 1 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
LAI LAI 1 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
lat lat degrees_north float64 N/A N/A N/A N/A
LHLAND LHLAND W m-2 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
lon lon degrees_east float64 N/A N/A N/A N/A
LWLAND LWLAND W m-2 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
PARDFLAND PARDFLAND W m-2 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
PARDRLAND PARDRLAND W m-2 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
PRECSNOLAND PRECSNOLAND kg m-2 s-1 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
PRECTOTLAND PRECTOTLAND kg m-2 s-1 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
PRMC PRMC m-3 m-3 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
QINFIL QINFIL kg m-2 s-1 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
RUNOFF RUNOFF kg m-2 s-1 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
RZMC RZMC m-3 m-3 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
SFMC SFMC m-3 m-3 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
SHLAND SHLAND W m-2 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
SMLAND SMLAND kg m-2 s-1 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
SNODP SNODP m float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
SNOMAS SNOMAS kg m-2 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
SPLAND SPLAND W m-2 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
SPSNOW SPSNOW W m-2 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
SPWATR SPWATR kg m-2 s-1 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
SWLAND SWLAND W m-2 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
TELAND TELAND J m-2 float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
time time minutes since 2025-03-01 00:30:00 int32 N/A N/A N/A N/A
TPSNOW TPSNOW K float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
TSAT TSAT K float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
TSOIL1 TSOIL1 K float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
TSOIL2 TSOIL2 K float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
TSOIL3 TSOIL3 K float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
TSOIL4 TSOIL4 K float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
TSOIL5 TSOIL5 K float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
TSOIL6 TSOIL6 K float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
TSURF TSURF K float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
TUNST TUNST K float32 999999986991104 N/A 1 0
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