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Description
M2T1NXSLV (or tavg1_2d_slv_Nx) is an hourly time-averaged 2-dimensional data collection in Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2). This collection consists of meteorology diagnostics at popularly used vertical levels, such as air temperature at 2-meter (or at 10-meter, 850hPa, 500 hPa, 250hPa), wind components at 50-meter (or at 2-meter, 10-meter, 850 hPa, 500hPa, 250 hPa), sea level pressure, surface pressure, and total precipitable water vapor (or ice water, liquid water). The data field is time-stamped with the central time of an hour starting from 00:30 UTC, e.g.: 00:30, 01:30, … , 23:30 UTC.
MERRA-2 is the latest version of global atmospheric reanalysis for the satellite era produced by NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) using the Goddard Earth Observing System Model (GEOS) version 5.12.4. The dataset covers the period of 1980-present with the latency of ~3 weeks after the end of a month.
Data Reprocessing: Please check “Records of MERRA-2 Data Reprocessing and Service Changes” linked from the “Documentation” tab on this page. Note that a reprocessed data filename is different from the original file.
MERRA-2 Mailing List: Sign up to receive information on reprocessing of data, changing of tools and services, as well as data announcements from GMAO. Contact the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov) to be added to the list.
Questions: If you have a question, please read "MERRA-2 File Specification Document", “MERRA-2 Data Access – Quick Start Guide”, and FAQs linked from the ”Documentation” tab on this page. If that does not answer your question, you may post your question to the NASA Earthdata Forum (forum.earthdata.nasa.gov) or email the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov).
Version Description
The GEOS-5 model version used for processing MERRA-2
Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (formerly Goddard DAAC), Terrestrial Information Systems Laboratory, Earth Sciences Division, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA (NASA/GSFC/SED/ESD/TISL/GESDI
Citation is critically important for dataset documentation and discovery. This dataset is openly shared, without restriction, in accordance with the EOSDIS Data Use and Citation Guidance.
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Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, & Pawson, S. (2015). MERRA-2 tavg1_2d_slv_Nx: 2d,1-Hourly,Time-Averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Single-Level Diagnostics V5.12.4 [Dataset]. NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center. https://doi.org/10.5067/VJAFPLI1CSIV Date Accessed: 2026-09-10
Also included are the Austria-domain subsets of ERA5 (hourly data on pressure levels and single levels, ECMWF/Copernicus Climate Data Store, 2012–2025), used as the predictor dataset to train and evaluate the U-Net, and INCA 2 m temperature data (GeoSphere Austria, 2012–2025), used for model validation. MERRA-2 (tavg1_2d_lnd_Nx and tavg1_2d_slv_Nx, V5.12.4, NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC), 2023–2025) was prepared as an independent predictor dataset for a source-sensitivity experiment. These data are provided under CC-BY 4.0, consistent with the original data providers' licensing terms. Original sources: GeoSphere Austria (https://doi.org/10.60669/6akt-5p05), ECMWF/Copernicus Climate Data Store (https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.bd0915c6, https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.adbb2d47), and NASA GES DISC (https://doi.org/10.5067/RKPHT8KC1Y1T, https://doi.org/10.5067/VJAFPLI1CSIV).}, publisher={Zenodo}, author={Ennis, Kelsey}, year={2026}, month=aug, language={en} }
Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, & Pawson, S. (2015). MERRA-2 tavg1_2d_slv_Nx: 2d,1-Hourly,Time-Averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Single-Level Diagnostics V5.12.4 [Dataset]. NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center. https://doi.org/10.5067/VJAFPLI1CSIV Date Accessed: 2026-09-10
Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, and Steven Pawson. “MERRA-2 tavg1_2d_slv_Nx: 2d,1-Hourly,Time-Averaged,Single-Level,Assimilation,Single-Level Diagnostics V5.12.4.” NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5067/VJAFPLI1CSIV. Date Accessed: 2026-09-10
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Cunha Menezes, Isilda, Rodrigues, Luiz Flavio, Longo, Karla M., Ferreira e Freitas, Mateus, Freitas, Saulo R., Braz, Rodrigo, Ferreira de Oliveira, Valter, Coelho, Silvia, Miranda, Ana Isabel
Geopotential Height, Altitude, Surface Temperature, Skin Temperature, Upper Air Temperature, Dew Point Temperature, Air Temperature, Cloud Top Temperature, Atmospheric Winds, Surface Winds, U/V Wind Components, Upper Level Winds, U/V Wind Components, Vertical Wind Velocity/Speed, Atmospheric Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Cloud Top Pressure, Sea Level Pressure, Surface Pressure, Specific Humidity, Total Precipitable Water, Cloud Liquid Water/Ice, Atmospheric Water Vapor, Atmospheric Ozone, Oxygen Compounds, Boundary Layer Winds, Total Ozone
Liston, Glen E., Gura, Katherine B., Crawford, Justin A., Polasek, Lori, Perham, Craig J., Quakenbush, Lori, Reinking, Adele K., Lund, Jewell, Chinn, Sarah M., Shideler, Richard T., Wilson, Ryan R.
The table below lists the variables contained within a single granule for this
dataset. Variables often contain observed or derived geophysical measurements
collected from a variety of sources, including remote sensing instruments on
satellite and airborne platforms, field campaigns, in situ measurements, and
model outputs. The terms variable, parameter, scientific data set, layer, and band
have been used across NASA’s Earth science disciplines; however, variable is the
designated nomenclature in NASA’s Common Metadata Repository (CMR).
Variable metadata attributes such as Name, Description, Units, Data Type, Fill
Value, Valid Range, and Scale Factor allow users to efficiently process and analyze
the data. The full range of attributes may not be applicable to all variables.
Additional information on variable attributes is typically available in the data,
user guide, and/or other product documentation.
For questions on a specific variable, please use the Earthdata Forum.